Separators configured to create and use thin fluid layers, tubes, channels, or streams, multi-port collections, and one or more forces to separate and recover elements, molecules, ions, isotopes, and particles (entities). The separators include a support. The support may include inclined surfaces, rotatable cylinders, channels, tubes, streams or sets thereof. The separators may allow for the creation of a thin fluid layer or stream on the surface of the support or on a collection of small tubes, channels, or streams by dispensing a fluid onto the surface or collection of tubes, channels, or streams. Depending on properties of the entities to be separated, the separators can include a force application device configured to subject the entities to a magnetic field, an electrical and/or electrostatic field, a centrifugal field, an electrolytic field, an oscillating field, a hydrophobic gradient, a hydrophilic gradient, or a concentration gradient to facilitate the separations.

This invention relates to a process and apparatus for growing agricultural products with a reduced abundance of radioactive carbon-14 (.sup.14C) by employing centrifugal separation of atmospheric gases to selectively remove carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) with .sup.14C. Agricultural products with reduced .sup.14C content can be grown in controlled environments with filtered atmospheric gases for the benefit of reducing harmful damage to human DNA that is unavoidable with our current food chain, due to the natural abundance of .sup.14C in atmospheric gases. Bilateral and unilateral compression helikon vortex apparatus provide efficient and economical removal of CO.sub.2 with .sup.14C from atmospheric gases with a single filtration pass, which is ideally suited for large scale agricultural production.

This invention relates to a process and apparatus for growing agricultural products with a reduced abundance of radioactive carbon-14 (.sup.14C) by employing centrifugal separation of atmospheric gases to selectively remove carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) with .sup.14C. Agricultural products with reduced .sup.14C content can be grown in controlled environments with filtered atmospheric gases for the benefit of reducing harmful damage to human DNA that is unavoidable with our current food chain, due to the natural abundance of .sup.14C in atmospheric gases. Bilateral and unilateral compression helikon vortex apparatus provide efficient and economical removal of CO.sub.2 with .sup.14C from atmospheric gases with a single filtration pass, which is ideally suited for large scale agricultural production.

A new column-based purification system and approach are described for rapid separation and purification of the alpha-emitting therapeutic radioisotope .sup.211At from dissolved cyclotron targets that provide highly reproducible product results with excellent .sup.211At species distributions and high antibody labeling yields compared with prior art manual extraction results of the prior art that can be expected to enable enhanced production of purified .sup.211At isotope products suitable for therapeutic medical applications such as treatment of cancer in human patients.