The invention provides a method for isolating medical isotopes, the method having the steps of dissolving titanium nuclear targets to create a solution; contacting the solution with a resin so as to retain the isotopes on the resin and generate an eluent containing titanium; contacting the isotope-containing resin with acid of a first concentration to remove impurities from the resin; and contacting the isotope-containing resin with an acid of a second concentration to remove isotope from the resin.

A filter retaining mechanism for retaining a filter and a pre-filter in relation to a filter aperture of a filter frame. A base clip retained by a proximal portion of a shank engages a flange of the frame, and a filter/pre-filter clip is retained by a distal portion of the shank. The filter/pre-filter clip has a proximal retaining formation that forms a distal retaining surface of a first reception area for retaining a filter and a proximal retaining surface of a second reception area for retaining a pre-filter and a distal retaining formation that forms a distal retaining surface of the second reception area. The filter/pre-filter clip is pivotable about a longitudinal axis between a first condition wherein the proximal and distal retaining formations retain the filter and the pre-filter and a second condition wherein the proximal and distal retaining formations face away from the filter aperture to release the filter and the pre-filter.

Provided is a non-woven filtration material including a multilayer structure having a density gradient. The multilayer structure includes a coarse layer disposed at an upstream side of the non-woven filtration material and a dense layer disposed at a downstream side of the non-woven filtration material. The coarse layer and the dense layer are dry layers. The coarse layer contains 30% to 60% by weight of crimped conjugated fibers and contains 30% to 70% by weight of finer fibers. The crimped conjugated fibers have an average fiber diameter in a range from 15 m to 45 m. The finer fibers have an average fiber diameter that is in a range from 5 m to 20 m and smaller than the average fiber diameter of the conjugated fibers.

Each cell is pressurized with gas from outside of the cell, the amount of permeation of the gas permeated into each cell is measured, and a cell having the amount of permeation greater than (average value of all cells+A) (wherein A is a predetermined value of ? to 6?, where ? is the standard deviation) is considered to be defective. Alternatively, pressure is reduced for each cell, the degree of vacuum in each cell is measured, and a cell having the degree of vacuum worse than (average value of all cells+A) is considered to be defective. Then, a polymer compound is poured into the defective cells of the monolithic separation membrane structure and cured so that the defective cells are sealed. Alternatively, the polymer compound formed in advance as the sealing member is inserted into the defective cells to seal the defective cells.

A uniform external field can enhance condensation on a superhydrophobic surface. Jumping droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces accumulate a positive charge which promises the manipulation and control of jumping behavior using external electric fields.

An electrochemical hydrogen isotope recycling apparatus for recycling an isotope of hydrogen includes an electrochemical recycling unit, the unit comprising: an anode; a cathode; and an isotope-treated, proton exchange membrane operatively disposed between the anode and cathode, the isotope-treated, proton exchange membrane having heavy water containing the isotope of hydrogen therein, the device configured to receive a feedstream containing the isotope of hydrogen. A process by which high purity hydrogen isotope products are produced using an electrochemical membrane process in which all conventional water containing components are pre-processed using a heavy water containing the isotope of hydrogen.

An industrial apparatus 10 and/or method, such as an electrochemical hydrogen isotope recycling apparatus and/or method, includes an apparatus 49 and/or process by which gaseous D.sub.2 is recovered in a reactor 3 from a gas stream via a reaction in the reactor with another molecule to form a useful chemical compound containing D.

An electrochemical hydrogen isotope recycling apparatus for recycling an isotope of hydrogen includes an electrochemical recycling unit, the unit comprising: an anode; a cathode; and an isotope-treated, proton exchange membrane operatively disposed between the anode and cathode, the isotope-treated, proton exchange membrane having heavy water containing the isotope of hydrogen therein, the device configured to receive a feedstream containing the isotope of hydrogen. A process by which high purity hydrogen isotope products are produced using an electrochemical membrane process in which all conventional water containing components are pre-processed using a heavy water containing the isotope of hydrogen.

A system, apparatus and process for separating a tritiated heavy water stream into a tritium-lean heavy water stream and a tritium-enriched heavy water stream. Tritiated heavy water (DTO/D2O) is fed to a mid-point of an isotope exchange column. The column contains a hydrophobic solid catalyst to promote exchange of deuterium and tritium. DT/D2 gas flows out of an electrolysis cell and into the first end of the column, concentrating tritium content in the heavy water by counter current flow to produce a tritium-rich heavy water below the feed point and a tritium-lean deuterium gas above. Tritium-rich heavy water flows out the first end of the column and into the electrolysis cell, forming DT/D2 gas and a tritium-enriched heavy water stream. Tritium-lean deuterium gas flows out the second end of the column and into a tritium-lean heavy water unit. Either O2 gas or light water additionally flows into the tritium-lean heavy water unit to form a tritium-lean heavy water.

Particulate filter provided in the exhaust gas purification device includes: a wall-flow part having an inlet-side cell that is open only at an end on an exhaust gas inflow side, outlet-side cell adjacent to this inlet-side cell and is open only at an end on an exhaust gas outflow side, a porous wall partitions the inlet-side cell from the outlet-side cell; a straight-flow part having a through cell that penetrates the filter in axial direction and is open at the end on the exhaust gas inflow side as well as the end on the exhaust gas outflow side. In a cross section of the filter orthogonal to its axial direction, cross-sectional areas of the inlet-side cell and outlet-side cell present in an outer peripheral region of the cross section are larger than cross-sectional areas of the inlet-side cells and the outlet-side cell in a central region of the cross section.

Water-based compositions suitable for the hydration of a mammal, and particularly hydration of a human by oral or topical methods, and for industrial uses such as cooling, and the making of solutions and mixtures. A method for producing a beverage, an industrial process water, an industrial solvent, or topical dermatological composition includes: providing a water source, the water molecules having oxygen or hydrogen atoms of different isotopes, (i) fractionating the water source to produce a fraction enriched in water molecules having an abundance of at least one of the oxygen or hydrogen isotopes being greater or less than the abundance found in the water source, or (ii) where the water source is already enriched in heavy water, fully or partially maintaining the level of enrichment.