A spiral wound membrane module has a brackish water RO or NF membrane combined with a permeate carrier having a narrow spacing between membrane contacting elements. The membrane may have water permeability (A-Value) of at least 8*10.sup.−5 cm/s/bar at 25° C. The membrane may have salt diffusion rate (B-Value) of at least 0.5*10.sup.−5 cm/s at 25° C. The permeate carrier may have a density of 54 wales per inch or more of a gap between adjacent ribs of 215 um or less. The permeate carrier may have a channel cross-sectional area of 16*10.sup.−9 m.sup.2 or more. Water is fed to the module at a high feed pressure, for example a pressure of at least 50 bar, optionally up to 120 bar. Retentate may be discharged at a concentration of 100 g/L, 130 g/L, or 150 g/L or more.

The disclosure relates to systems, devices, and methods for flow control in a reverse osmosis filtration system, such as within a medical device. The systems, devices, and methods can respond to changes in permeate flow rate and solute concentration by adjusting feed water and concentrate water rates. Multiple feedback loops adjust parameters to meet water flow rate and purity requirements.

A system for generating electricity, heat, and desalinated water having a gas turbine system connected to a first electric generator, a waste heat recovery boiler (WHRB) system, a combined heat and power (CHP) generation system connected to a second electric generator, one or more solar powered energy systems, and a desalination system. The desalination system is connected to the CHP generation system and the WHRB system. The gas turbine system generates electricity and heat, the WHRB system is connected to and uses the exhaust of the gas turbine system to provide heat and steam power to the CHP generation system. The CHP generation system produces and provides electricity and heat to the desalination system, which produces product water, and at least one solar powered energy system provides thermal energy to one or more of the gas turbine system, the WHRB system, the CHP generation system, and the desalination system.

The present disclosure provides a complete set of equipment for supplying drinking water in field. The complete set of equipment for supplying drinking water in field consists of several units carried by single person, making the water purification equipment easy to use and transport. The complete set of equipment includes a multistage filtration unit, a reverse osmosis unit, and a power control unit connected by a plug-in pipeline.

A car washing system comprises a filtering unit, a pure water pipeline, a waste water pipeline, a washing pipeline, an optional first branch line, and a second branch line. The filtering unit comprises an RO filter membrane, a filtering pipeline and a booster pump. One end of the filtering pipeline is connected to the inlet of the RO filter membrane. The booster pump is set in the filtering pipeline. The pure water pipeline is connected between a pure water outlet of the RO filter membrane and one end of the washing pipeline. The joint of the pure water pipeline and the washing pipeline is provided with a high-pressure pump. One end of the waste water pipeline is connected with waste water outlet of the RO filtering membrane, and the other end is a discharge end. The second branch line is connected between the waste water pipeline and the washing pipeline.

Lactic acid is obtained by a method including (A) a step of continuous fermentation wherein a fermentation culture medium of a microorganism having an ability of lactic acid fermentation is filtered through a porous membrane having an average pore size of not less than 0.01 μm and less than 1 μm with a transmembrane pressure difference within the range of 0.1 to 20 kPa, and the permeate is collected, while retaining the non-permeated liquid in or returning the non-permeated liquid to the culture, and adding a fermentation feedstock to the culture; (B) a step of filtering the permeate obtained in Step (A) through a nanofiltration membrane; and (C) a step of distilling the permeate obtained in Step (B) under a pressure of not less than 1 Pa and not more than atmospheric pressure, at 25° C. to 200° C. to recover lactic acid.

Provided is a filtration method that includes a cleaning step and involves the use of a porous membrane, wherein the filtration method offers exceptional resistance to cleaning solutions (chemicals) (chemical liquid resistance) and exceptional filtration performance, and has a long service life. A filtration method includes the following steps: a filtration step in which a liquid to be processed that contains a material to be filtered is passed through a porous membrane configured from a resin having a three-dimensional mesh structure, and a filtrate is separated from the material to be filtered; and a cleaning step in which the porous membrane has a cleaning solution passed therethrough or is immersed in the cleaning solution so that the interior of the porous membrane is cleaned.

A technology that provides various modular biomimetic microfluidic modules emulating varieties of microvasculature in body. These microfluidic-base capillaries and lymphatic Technology modules are constructed as multilayered-microfluidic microchannels of various shapes, and aspect ratios using diverse biocompatible microfluidic polymers. Then, various semipermeable membranes are sandwiched in between these multilayered microfluidic microchannels. These membranes have different chemical, physical characteristics and MWCO values. Consequently, this design will produce much smaller dimension channels similar to human vasculature to achieve biomimetic properties like of human organs and tissues. By interchanging microfluidic-layers or the membranes various diverse modules are designed that act as building blocks for constructing various medical devices, various forms of dialysis devices including albumin and lipid dialysis, water purification, bioreactors, bio-artificial organ support systems. Connecting various modules in diverse combinations, permutations, in parallel and/or in series to ultimately design many unrelated medical devices such as dialysis, bioreactors and organ support devices.

Provided are methods, devices, and kits for the isolation of extracellular vesicles using silicon nanomembranes. A method for EV isolation includes the steps of collecting a biofluid sample, contacting the biofluid sample with a pre-filtration membrane, thereby forming a first filtrate and a first retentate, optionally, washing the first retentate of the pre-filtration membrane, contacting the first filtrate from the pre-filtration membrane with a capture membrane, thereby forming a second filtrate and a second retentate, optionally, washing the second retentate, and eluting the second retentate from the capture membrane or lysing the second retentate to recover the contents.

A method and system is provided for treating waste generated from manufacturing operations including at least one of Printed Circuit Boards Fabrication (PCB FAB), General Metal Finishing (GMF), semiconductors manufacturing, chemical milling, and Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD). The method and system are used to create zero liquid discharge recycling.