Some embodiments provide a water filtration system that is fluidly coupled to a water feed line and/or a water supply line and is designed to filter contaminates from the water supply. The water filtration system includes an outer housing, a front cover, a rear cover, a pump, a reverse osmosis (RO) element, a pre-filter cartridge, a post-filter cartridge, a permeate flush tank, a RO manifold, and a sensor manifold. The water filtration system further includes a pump and at least one solenoid. When assembled, a RO housing, a pre-filter housing, and a post-filter housing surround the RO element, the pre-filter cartridge, and the post-filter cartridge, respectively. The filter cartridges hold replaceable filtration media in an interior cavity and contaminants and other impurities are removed as water flows through the filtration media of the filter cartridges.

A process is described for making acrylic acid from dextrose, which comprises fermenting dextrose; removing solids from the resulting fermentation broth; removing lactic acid from the clarified broth by extraction into an organic solvent; separating out the lactic acid-loaded organic solvent while recycling at least a portion of the remainder back to the fermentation step; reacting the lactic acid with ammonia to provide a dehydration feed comprising ammonium lactate while preferably recycling the organic solvent; carrying out a vapor phase dehydration of the ammonium lactate to produce a crude acrylic acid product; and purifying the crude acrylic acid by distillation followed by melt crystallization, chromatography or both melt crystallization and chromatography.

The present disclosure relates to luterion, which is a mitochondrial-like micro-material, and separating and culturing methods for same and, more particularly, to a method for separating luterion by means of a filter having a pore of a particular size, luterion which is separated by means of the method thereof and has unique properties, and a culturing method for proliferation of the luterion.

A composite reverse osmosis membrane having a semipermeable bilayer polyamide composition comprising a base layer containing a rigid crosslinked aromatic polyamide and a top layer containing a flexible aliphatic polyamide is disclosed, the two layers in combination providing reduced salt passage in reverse osmosis desalination of brackish waters and of seawater.

The invention relates to 100% renewably-powered desalination/water purification stations for universal applications, the station is disruptive, scalable, amphibious and deportable to seawater, brackish or spill oil sites for simple wave-powered and autonomous operations, the station has a mooring assembly with pumping-purification-delivery subsystems powered by wave and solar energies, the pumping subsystems has the simplest, most efficient wave push/pull pump mechanisms powered by amplified wave centrifugal forces , the mechanical purifications has turbine filters, reverse-osmosis filters, forward-osmosis filters and relief valves to backwash buildups without releasing brine, release water through collecting spill oil, the solar thermal purifications are provided with distilling processes under vaccine conditions, the delivery subsystems with wave turbines and solar panels for generating electricity, propellering and transferring the stations for delivering fresh waters to destinations under GPS guide with the lowest LCOW.

Nano filtering and pumping systems and methods of use thereof for nanoscale gaseous materials by utilizing materials having nanosized perforations through the materials. The perforations generally have an inner diameter similar to that of nanotubes, and in some embodiments, carbon nanotubes are disposed within the perforations. Such materials can partially organize molecules in random motion to move either some selectively or all of them, to create pressure differences and hence motive forces, or cause air flow into pressurized area. Because air is a cloud of particles separated by vacuum, the systems and method in air can be used to create motive force pushing any form of vehicle, lifting force for any form of air vehicle, air compression, power source for any form of machine, conveyor or generator, using the solar energy stored in the air in the form of heat, 24 hours a day, worldwide.

A control valve for a reverse osmosis water purifying system provides a feed water port, a squeeze water port, a drain port, and a product water connection, each of which open into a bore. A first, second, and third O-rings are located in the bore successively between the feed water port, the squeeze water port, the drain port, and the product water connection. A control piston is moveably located in the bore of the housing. The control piston includes a vent/drain well in which a side is chamfered. The vent/drain well provides a fluid passage between the squeeze water port and the drain port when the vent/drain well passes over the second O-ring. The fluid passage includes an opening formed between the second O-ring and the chamfered side of the vent/drain well, where the size of the opening is responsive to the position of the control piston.

A spiral wound membrane module is suitable for use with high temperature water that may also have a high pH, for example steam injection produced water. The module uses a membrane with a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) backing material. The feed spacer of the module may be made from polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) or ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE). The permeate carrier may be made of a woven nylon (i.e. nylon 6, 6) fabric coated with high temperature epoxy. The core tube and anti-telescoping device may be made of polysulfone. In some examples, the module may be used at a temperature of up to 130° C. Optionally, the module may be used at a pH of 9.5 or more. In a filtration method, the module may be operated at a pressure in the range of 150 to 450 psi. The module may be operated at a generally constant pressure.

A spiral wound membrane module is suitable for use with high temperature water that may also have a high pH, for example steam injection produced water. The module uses a membrane with a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) backing material. The feed spacer of the module may be made from polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) or ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE). The permeate carrier may be made of a woven nylon (i.e. nylon 6, 6) fabric coated with high temperature epoxy. The core tube and anti-telescoping device may be made of polysulfone. In some examples, the module may be used at a temperature of up to 130° C. Optionally, the module may be used at a pH of 9.5 or more. In a filtration method, the module may be operated at a pressure in the range of 150 to 450 psi. The module may be operated at a generally constant pressure.

Provided is a water purifier comprising: a filter unit which has a reverse osmosis membrane filter; a supply valve; an instantaneous heating device which is provided with an inflow port, and an outflow port, and which heats and purified water entering through the inflow port and flowing to the outflow port, so that hot water is discharged through the outflow port; an extraction member; a supply pump; a domestic water drain line; a hot water drain line; a hot water drain valve; and a control unit which controls the opening/closing of respective flow channels of the hot water drain line and the domestic water drain line so that, among a hot water draining process through the hot water drain line, and a domestic water draining process through the domestic water drain line, the hot water draining process is carried out first.