Apparatuses and methods for extracting desired chemical species including, without limitation, lithium, specific lithium species, and/or other chemical compounds from input flows in a modular unit. The input flows may be raw materials in which lithium metal and/or lithium species are dissolved and/or extracted. The apparatuses and methods may include daisy chain flow through separate tanks, a column array, and combinations thereof.

The present invention relates to systems and methods for filtration and/or dilution of fluids, in particular for the dialysis of blood. The systems comprise a filter device (10) having a fluid chamber (18) and comprising a first lid (20) having arranged thereon a first fluid port (22). The filter device (10) further comprises a second lid (30) having arranged thereon at least a second fluid port (32). The filter device (10) further comprises a plurality of hollow fibers (40) arranged within the housing (12), wherein each of the plurality of hollow fibers (40) comprises a semi-permeable membrane and defines a fluid channel extending longitudinally through an interior of the respective hollow fiber (40). Also, the filter device (10) comprises a fourth fluid port (50) and a fifth fluid port (52) both provided at the fluid chamber (18).

The present invention relates to a method for the production of drinking water. In addition, the present invention also relates to the use of minerals extracted from a feed water stream by using a combination of a Donnan dialysis unit and a membrane unit as a source of minerals for the production of drinking water originating from said feed water stream.

The present disclosure relates to a method that includes utilizing a microorganism for the converting of a substrate to an acid contained in a mixture that includes the acid and water, maintaining a pH of the mixture to less than 5, and treating the mixture with a first stream comprising an organic.

Embodiments of the present disclosure include a dialysis system having a disposable cartridge which includes one or more flowpaths arranged on or within the cartridge.

A system and method are disclosed for the automated collection of dialysis data. An example method includes receiving and aggregating dialysis data comprising a fill volume amount and a drain volume amount for at least one continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (“CAPD”) cycle. The method also includes calculating an amount of ultrafiltration removed for each CAPD cycle by subtracting the fill volume amount from the drain volume amount for the respective CAPD cycle, and storing ultrafiltration data that is indicative of the amount of ultrafiltration removed as part of the aggregated dialysis data. The method further includes determining or receiving an indication that a dialysis machine is connected. After the dialysis machine is connected, the method includes transmitting the aggregated dialysis data to the dialysis machine to enable the aggregated dialysis data to be combined with additional dialysis data generated by the dialysis machine for determining total dialysis data.

Embodiments of the invention pertain to cartridges, systems and methods for performing hemodialysis and related extracorporeal blood treatment modalities and therapies, in which blood flows in the inter fiber space and dialysate flows in the lumens of hollow fibers. Appropriate connectors and fitting orientations may be provided. There may be provided orbital distributors, fanning of fibers, and features to promote uniformity of fiber spacing in the fiber bundle. Orbital distributors may contain contoured surfaces, flow redirectors, non-uniform-conductance flow elements, through-wall distributors, and other features. There may be subdivision of the fiber bundle into two groups of fibers with separate control fluid to each group. Appropriate systems may be provided for various therapies. Flow past the fibers may be parallel, transverse or other configuration. These various features may enable long-term application to all dialysis and ultrafiltration related therapies, and also to other therapies and to applications including implantables, portables and wearables.

The present invention provides a method of culturing an alga that enables practical realization of low-cost and space-saving production of biofuels and bioenergy by culturing the alga using a reaction tank equipped with a digestive solution tank comprising digestive solution containing high concentration of nutrient salts, a membrane with a pore size of 0.45 .Math.m or less and a culture tank comprising culture solution and the alga, which comprises consuming the nutrient salts by the alga in the culture tank to maintain the difference in concentration the nutrient salts between the digestive solution tank and the culture tank and supplying the nutrient salts contained in the digestive solution through the membrane into the culture solution by the diffusion depending on the concentration difference as well as an alga culture system therefor.

An adsorbent that includes a particle of a layered material that contains one or a plurality of layers; and contains Li. The one or plural layers includes a layer body represented by: M.sub.mX.sub.n where, M represents at least one Group-3, -4, -5, -6, or -7 metal, X represents a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, or a combination thereof, n is 1 to 4, and m is larger than n, and equal to or less than 5; and a modified/terminal part T resides on a surface of the layer body, T represents at least one selected from the group consisting of hydroxy group, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, oxygen atom, and hydrogen atom, the modified/terminal part T residing on a surface of the layer body, the particle has an average thickness of 1 nm to 10 nm, and the adsorbent has a Li content of 0.0001% by mass to 0.0020% by mass.

A method that regulates supply of substituate in an extracorporeal blood treatment with an extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus comprising a dialyzer divided by a semipermeable membrane into a blood chamber and a dialyzing fluid chamber and a device for supplying substituate. An extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus that includes a device for regulating supply of substituate. Regulation of supply of substituate in the extracorporeal blood treatment takes place as a function of the rheological loading of the dialyzer. To regulate supply of substituate during extracorporeal blood treatment, rheological loading of the dialyzer is determined from transmembrane pressure on the dialyzer and flow resistance of the dialyzer and substituate rate is increased or reduced according to the loading. The selection of dialyzer parameters or blood parameters is therefore no longer necessary and the distinction between pre-dilution and post-dilution is also made obsolete.