A method is presented for checking the integrity of a hollow-fibre fluid filter, in particular a hollow-fibre dialyzer (1), which is constructed from a plurality of hollow fibres (15) enclosed by a membrane, with the steps of: perfusing the inside or outside of the hollow fibres (15) with a fluid, supplying the outside or inside of the hollow fibres (15) with a gas, wherein the gas has a higher pressure than the fluid, and determining a quantity of the gas which penetrates into the fluid through holes in the membrane. The method is characterized in that, after flowing through the hollow-fibre fluid filter (1), the fluid is channelled through a bubble trap (30), and in that a volume of gas (41) collecting in the bubble trap (30) during a predefined or predefinable reference period is determined. Furthermore, equipment for checking the integrity of a hollow-fibre fluid filter (1) is presented.

A method is presented for checking the integrity of a hollow-fibre fluid filter, in particular a hollow-fibre dialyzer (1), which is constructed from a plurality of hollow fibres (15) enclosed by a membrane, with the steps of: perfusing the inside or outside of the hollow fibres (15) with a fluid, supplying the outside or inside of the hollow fibres (15) with a gas, wherein the gas has a higher pressure than the fluid, and determining a quantity of the gas which penetrates into the fluid through holes in the membrane. The method is characterized in that, after flowing through the hollow-fibre fluid filter (1), the fluid is channelled through a bubble trap (30), and in that a volume of gas (41) collecting in the bubble trap (30) during a predefined or predefinable reference period is determined. Furthermore, equipment for checking the integrity of a hollow-fibre fluid filter (1) is presented.

The present disclosure provides a method of making a chemical mechanical planarization slurry. The method includes contacting a chemical mechanical planarization slurry precursor including a carrier and a plurality of abrasive particles with a semi-permeable fiber membrane. Upon contact, the method further includes separating the chemical mechanical planarization slurry precursor into a concentrate and an effluent. The concentrate includes the chemical mechanical planarization slurry and the effluent includes the carrier and a plurality of particles. The particles of the effluent have a median size that is less than a median size of the abrasive particles of the concentrate. In the method a pressure difference measured between an inlet to which the chemical mechanical planarization slurry precursor is supplied and a first outlet to which the effluent is supplied is in a range of from about 1 psi to about 15 psi.

[PROBLEM] To provide an evaluation method and evaluation device with which the practical performance of a forward osmosis membrane can more accurately be measured.

[SOLVING MEANS] Provided is a method for evaluating a forward osmosis membrane module. The method includes the steps of, in a forward osmosis membrane module having spaces which are partitioned by a forward osmosis membrane including a porous support body and a separation function layer stacked thereon, connecting a feed solution line to a space on the separation function layer side, and connecting a draw solution line to a space on the porous support body side, and moving a solvent in the feed solution into the draw solution via the forward osmosis membrane while adjusting a physical pressure differential across the forward osmosis membrane to a constant value within the range of more than 0 kPa to 200 kPa.

[PROBLEM] To provide an evaluation method and evaluation device with which the practical performance of a forward osmosis membrane can more accurately be measured.

[SOLVING MEANS] Provided is a method for evaluating a forward osmosis membrane module. The method includes the steps of, in a forward osmosis membrane module having spaces which are partitioned by a forward osmosis membrane including a porous support body and a separation function layer stacked thereon, connecting a feed solution line to a space on the separation function layer side, and connecting a draw solution line to a space on the porous support body side, and moving a solvent in the feed solution into the draw solution via the forward osmosis membrane while adjusting a physical pressure differential across the forward osmosis membrane to a constant value within the range of more than 0 kPa to 200 kPa.

A heat exchanger for a blood circulation circuit comprises a hollow fiber membrane layer having a plurality of hollow fiber membranes, and a fixing portion fixing both end portions of the hollow fiber membranes from outsides of the hollow fiber membranes. The fixing portion mainly contains polyurethane, and each of the hollow fiber membranes has a heat conductive layer containing high density polyethylene, and an adhesion layer provided on an outside of the heat conductive layer, bonded to the fixing portion, and mainly containing a modified polyolefin resin.

Exemplary embodiments in desalination by direct contact membrane distillation present a cylindrical cross-flow module containing high-flux composite hydrophobic hollow fiber membranes. The present embodiments are directed to a model that has been developed to describe the observed water production rates of such devices in multiple brine feed introduction configurations. The model describes the observed water vapor production rates for different feed brine temperatures at various feed brine flow rates. The model flux predictions have been explored over a range of hollow fiber lengths to compare the present results with those obtained earlier from rectangular modules which had significantly shorter hollow fibers.

A membrane humidifier for a fuel cell is disclosed. The membrane includes a middle case in which a plurality of hollow fiber membranes are accommodated; a cap case coupled to the middle case; a potting part formed at the end portions of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes; and an assembling member disposed between the end portions of the cap case and the middle case, and simultaneously coupling, so as to be airtight, a gap between the cap case and the middle case and a gap between the cap case and the potting part.

A membrane assembly includes a tube container having an inlet conduit and a first outlet conduit both oriented in a radial direction, and a second outlet conduit oriented in an axial direction; and a hollow fiber membrane element disposed inside the tube container, the hollow first membrane element comprising a first adapter with an axial permeate fluid passage in a center thereof and an inlet gas passage in a peripheral portion thereof; and a second adapter with an axial permeate fluid passage in a center thereof and a non-permeate fluid passage in a peripheral portion thereof.

An aerator device and a filter system including the same are provided. The aerator device includes: a housing having an inner cavity defined therein, the housing including at least one sidewall and an upper surface connected to the at least one sidewall; a first partition formed within the inner cavity and extending from an upper end to a lower end to define a first cavity and a second cavity; and a second partition formed within the inner cavity between the first partition and a first sidewall of the at least one sidewall and extending from an upper end to a lower end to define a first chamber and a second chamber of the second cavity, and the housing includes an inlet opening communicating with the first cavity and an outlet opening communicating with the second chamber, and the second chamber gradually narrows towards the upper surface of the housing.