A method for introducing a gas into a liquid, the method including filling a gas volume enclosed below a free surface of the liquid and defined in a downward direction by an enclosed level of the liquid with the gas in sequential pulses wherein the gas simultaneously displaces the liquid top down from a gas lifting channel until the enclosed level of the liquid drops below an inlet cross section of a gas flow out channel; subsequently flowing the gas out of the gas volume downward through the gas lifting channel, a deflection portion adjoining at a bottom of the gas lifting channel, in upward direction through the inlet cross section and through the gas flow out channel adjoining the inlet cross section at a top to the free surface.

A method for introducing a gas into a liquid, the method including filling a gas volume enclosed below a free surface of the liquid and defined in a downward direction by an enclosed level of the liquid with the gas in sequential pulses wherein the gas simultaneously displaces the liquid top down from a gas lifting channel until the enclosed level of the liquid drops below an inlet cross section of a gas flow out channel; subsequently flowing the gas out of the gas volume downward through the gas lifting channel, a deflection portion adjoining at a bottom of the gas lifting channel, in upward direction through the inlet cross section and through the gas flow out channel adjoining the inlet cross section at a top to the free surface.

A biological treatment apparatus comprising: (a) a vessel; (b) an inlet conduit for providing feed water to an inlet region; (c) an outlet conduit for removal of treated water from an outlet region; (d) an inlet distributor comprising inlet ducts, each in fluid communication with both the inlet region and a porous surface section of the inlet duct wall; (e) an outlet distributor comprising a plurality of outlet ducts, each in fluid communication with both the outlet region and a porous surface section of the outlet duct wall; and (f) a media bed comprising particles in fluid communication with porous surface sections of both the inlet and outlet duct walls; wherein a ratio of the length of an inlet duct to a minimum distance between an inlet duct and an outlet duct is from 15:1 to 2:1.

An object of the present invention is to provide a porous ceramic laminate that can reduce pressure loss of a fluid. The present invention is a porous ceramic laminate comprising a first porous layer and a second porous layer, wherein the second porous layer is laminated on the first porous layer, the second porous layer has a portion being laminated on, in contact with, the first porous layer and a portion being laminated over the first porous layer via air, and a coefficient of variance CV (t.sub.b) of the second porous layer thickness is not larger than 0.35.

A treatment module including a housing having an input port and an output port; a plurality of treatment members, each treatment member having a skeleton and a mesh material provided over the skeleton, the mesh material being joined to the skeleton at one or more portions of the skeleton; and a layer of particles formed over a first side of the mesh material, the layer having pores of sufficient size to enable a fluid to flow through the layer.

A piece of substrate material is formed under heat and pressure against a cavity into a shaped substrate sheet having one or more depressions. Two substrate sheets are bonded together to form a substrate wherein the one or more depressions form one or more interior channels. The substrate, if not formed with pre-coated substrate material, is coated with a dope and quenched to form a filtering membrane. A plurality of membranes may be placed side by side to form a bundle with permeating ends of the membrane, which are open to the one or more interior channels, separated by gaps or spacers. The bundle is connected to a header to produce a module. The module can be assembled into a cassette.

A piece of substrate material is formed under heat and pressure against a cavity into a shaped substrate sheet having one or more depressions. Two substrate sheets are bonded together to form a substrate wherein the one or more depressions form one or more interior channels. The substrate, if not formed with pre-coated substrate material, is coated with a dope and quenched to form a filtering membrane. A plurality of membranes may be placed side by side to form a bundle with permeating ends of the membrane, which are open to the one or more interior channels, separated by gaps or spacers. The bundle is connected to a header to produce a module. The module can be assembled into a cassette.

A water purification system and method embodying a submerged conduit with a semipermeable surface, thereby leveraging water pressure to cost-effectively and energy-efficiently purify the water that permeates the semipermeable surface. A intake conduit may provide the semipermeable surface, wherein the system contemplates rotating the intake conduit so that as it rotates it engages brushes or blades that clear the semipermeable surface of obstructions.

A household water purifier includes a main unit and a filter assembly arranged in the main unit. The filter assembly includes a composite filter core. The composite filter core includes a filter bottle and a filter element located in the filter bottle. The filter element is of a separated structure. In the household water purifier, the filter element is located in the filer bottle; during use, when the filter element needs to be replaced, the filter element can be directly taken out of the filter bottle for replacement; Furthermore, the filter element itself is of a split structure. It is no need to replace the filter element as a whole, just some failed components of the filter element need to be replaced, which further improves convenience of replacement and maintenance of the filter core of the water purifier, and saves maintenance and use costs of the water purifier.

A method and chemical delivery system and device are provided. One method includes contacting a non-aqueous hydrazine solution with a carrier gas and/or vacuum and delivering a gas stream comprising hydrazine to a critical process or application. One chemical delivery system and device includes a non-aqueous hydrazine solution having a vapor phase that is in contact with a carrier gas and/or vacuum. One device includes a chamber for containing a liquid comprising at least one volatile process chemical, such as a non-aqueous hydrazine solution, a hydrogen peroxide solution, or another suitable process chemical, and a head space from which the volatile can be drawn using a carrier gas and/or vacuum. Another method useful in the present invention involves drawing a process chemical from a device as a disclosed herein using a carrier or vacuum and delivering the process chemical to a critical process or application.