A membrane capsule for biological and chemical separations comprising a cassette comprising an upper surface and a lower surface adjoined by a cassette sidewall, an inlet and an outlet located on the upper and lower surfaces of the cassette, tubes fluidly connected to the inlet and the outlet, holes or slots in the tubes to facilitate separation, and a membrane wrapped, pleated, and/or spiral wound around each of the tubes. Methods of separation comprising flowing fluid flow through the inlet of the membrane capsule, allowing the fluid to permeate through the holes or slots of the tubes, separating biological and/or non-biological substances, collecting the fluid within a reservoir, and draining fluid from the reservoir.

The present invention provides enthalpy exchanger elements (E, E′) and enthalpy exchangers comprising such elements. Furthermore, the invention discloses a method for producing such enthalpy exchanger elements and enthalpy exchangers, comprising the steps of a) providing an air-permeable sheet element (1); b) laminating at least one side (1a, 1b) of the sheet element (1) with a thin polymer film (3, 4) with water vapor transmission characteristics; and c) forming the laminated sheet element (1) into a desired shape exhibiting a three-dimensional corrugation pattern (5, 5, . . .).

The present invention provides enthalpy exchanger elements (E, E′) and enthalpy exchangers comprising such elements. Furthermore, the invention discloses a method for producing such enthalpy exchanger elements and enthalpy exchangers, comprising the steps of a) providing an air-permeable sheet element (1); b) laminating at least one side (1a, 1b) of the sheet element (1) with a thin polymer film (3, 4) with water vapor transmission characteristics; and c) forming the laminated sheet element (1) into a desired shape exhibiting a three-dimensional corrugation pattern (5, 5, . . .).

A tetrafluoroethylene polymer is provided in an air filter medium having a pressure loss that can be reduced and made uniform at a plurality of positions. The tetrafluoroethylene polymer may also be provided in an air filter medium, a filter pack, or an air filter unit. The tetrafluoroethylene polymer has drawability and non-melt processability. The tetrafluoroethylene polymer has a ratio S.sub.2/S.sub.1 of 0.60 or more, where S.sub.2 represents an endotherm mJ/mg in a range of T.sub.0° C. or higher and 350° C. or lower, T.sub.0° C. is a temperature 2.5° C. lower than a temperature T.sub.p° C. (340≤T.sub.p≤345) at which a minimum point is given on a heat-of-fusion curve obtained by measuring an unbaked polymer for measurement having no history of heating to a temperature of 300° C. or higher using a differential scanning calorimeter at a temperature-increasing rate of 2° C./min, and S.sub.1 represents an endotherm mJ/mg in a range of 320° C. or higher and T.sub.0° C. or lower.

A potable water filter for an aircraft galley plumbing system is disclosed. In embodiments, the filter includes a body attachable to a mount via a central threaded attachment stud. The stud is surrounded by a filter mount chamber and encloses a central flow channel allowing outflow from the filter body to an outlet port. Potable water enters the mount through an inlet port; an annular “puck” inlet valve extends around the attachment stud, sealing off the filter mount chamber when the filter body is absent and, when the filter body is screwed onto the attachment stud, providing for water flow throughout the filter mount chamber. The filter body houses a solid block of sintered carbon with a hollow core. Water enters the filter chamber via bypass slots in the base of the filter body and flows around and through the carbon filter before flowing down to the outlet port.

A potable water filter for an aircraft galley plumbing system is disclosed. In embodiments, the filter includes a body attachable to a mount via a central threaded attachment stud. The stud is surrounded by a filter mount chamber and encloses a central flow channel allowing outflow from the filter body to an outlet port. Potable water enters the mount through an inlet port; an annular “puck” inlet valve extends around the attachment stud, sealing off the filter mount chamber when the filter body is absent and, when the filter body is screwed onto the attachment stud, providing for water flow throughout the filter mount chamber. The filter body houses a solid block of sintered carbon with a hollow core. Water enters the filter chamber via bypass slots in the base of the filter body and flows around and through the carbon filter before flowing down to the outlet port.

The air filter medium of the present invention is an air filter medium including a stack of a porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane and an air-permeable support member, a repulsive force generated in the medium when the medium is compressed in a thickness direction thereof is equal to or greater than 30 kPa and equal to or less than 150 kPa at a compression ratio of 30%, and at least one main surface of the air filter medium is formed by the air-permeable support member and has a maximum coefficient of friction of 24 gf or less. The air filter medium of the present invention is an air filter medium that uses a porous PTFE membrane and in which a decrease in collection efficiency due to pleating is inhibited.

Embodiments provide a filter with a generally rectangular, non-cylindrical profile. The filter may have multiple pleat packs positioned between pleat covers that define regions and flow channels in a cavity of the filter body. The pleat covers have openings that allow a fluid to flow through the multiple pleat packs via parallel flows or series flows. End caps bonded to the body define flow passages for directing the fluid from an inlet to an outlet via the pleat packs for series or parallel filtration. The pleat packs may be made of the same or different materials and may be configured with the same or different heights based on flow requirements. A cage or a separator may be positioned between the pleat packs. The pleat packs may be made of a continuous pleated membrane with bridges defining a space between the pleat packs to accommodate the cage or separator.

Embodiments provide a filter with a generally rectangular, non-cylindrical profile. The filter may have multiple pleat packs positioned between pleat covers that define regions and flow channels in a cavity of the filter body. The pleat covers have openings that allow a fluid to flow through the multiple pleat packs via parallel flows or series flows. End caps bonded to the body define flow passages for directing the fluid from an inlet to an outlet via the pleat packs for series or parallel filtration. The pleat packs may be made of the same or different materials and may be configured with the same or different heights based on flow requirements. A cage or a separator may be positioned between the pleat packs. The pleat packs may be made of a continuous pleated membrane with bridges defining a space between the pleat packs to accommodate the cage or separator.

The present invention provides enthalpy exchanger elements (E, E′) and enthalpy exchangers comprising such elements. Furthermore, the invention discloses a method for producing such enthalpy exchanger elements and enthalpy exchangers, comprising the steps of a) providing an air-permeable sheet element (1); b) laminating at least one side (1a, 1b) of the sheet element (1) with a thin polymer film (3, 4) with water vapor transmission characteristics; and c) forming the laminated sheet element (1) into a desired shape exhibiting a three-dimensional corrugation pattern (5, 5, . . . ).