The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite semipermeable membrane whose water permeability is hard to decline even when exposed to high temperature environment for a long period of time, a spiral wound separation membrane element using the composite semipermeable membrane, and a method for producing the same. Another purpose of the invention is to provide a method for evaluating water permeation performance of a composite semipermeable membrane, which method evaluates whether the water permeability of a composite semipermeable membrane is likely to decline due to heat, by a simple evaluation method. The composite semipermeable membrane having a skin layer that includes a polyamide resin, the skin layer being placed on a porous support and having an elastic modulus of 100 MPa or more, calculated by AFM force curve measurement in water.

A silica membrane filter 10 includes an ultrafiltration membrane 15, which is disposed on a support body 14 and which contains an element 14 as a primary component, and a silica membrane 18 which is disposed on the ultrafiltration membrane 15 and which has an aryl group. The ultrafiltration membrane 15 has a structure infiltrated by Si of the silica membrane 18, the atomic ratio A (=Si/M) of Si to the element M in a membrane-side region 16, which is a region corresponding to 25% of the ultrafiltration membrane 15 from the silica membrane 18, satisfies 0.01≦A≦0.5, and the ratio A/B of the atomic ratio A to the atomic ratio B (=Si/M) in a base-material-side region 17, which is a region corresponding to 25% from the support body 14, is within the range of 1.1 or more.

A silica membrane filter 10 includes an ultrafiltration membrane 15, which is disposed on a support body 14 and which contains an element 14 as a primary component, and a silica membrane 18 which is disposed on the ultrafiltration membrane 15 and which has an aryl group. The ultrafiltration membrane 15 has a structure infiltrated by Si of the silica membrane 18, the atomic ratio A (=Si/M) of Si to the element M in a membrane-side region 16, which is a region corresponding to 25% of the ultrafiltration membrane 15 from the silica membrane 18, satisfies 0.01≦A≦0.5, and the ratio A/B of the atomic ratio A to the atomic ratio B (=Si/M) in a base-material-side region 17, which is a region corresponding to 25% from the support body 14, is within the range of 1.1 or more.

The present invention relates to a thin film composite forward osmosis membrane with a polyethylene porous support, and a thin film composite forward osmosis membrane which is low cost, has excellent durability and chemical resistance, and outstanding performance (water flux and specific salt flux) may be provided in the present invention.

A reaction device comprising: a first flow path to which a fuel gas is supplied; a second flow path to which a gas containing oxygen is supplied; a hydrogen permeable membrane that separates the first flow path and the second flow path and allows hydrogen contained in the fuel gas supplied to the first flow path to permeate toward the second flow path; and a catalyst that is provided in the second flow path and promotes oxidation reaction between the oxygen and hydrogen passing through the hydrogen permeable membrane, wherein the hydrogen permeable membrane comprises a barium zirconium oxide membrane.

A separation membrane, suitably for oil and water separation. The membrane including a porous substrate layer and an active layer arranged over at least a part of the substrate layer. The active layer includes a hydrophilic agent and a superhydrophilic agent. Also described is a method of producing the separation membrane and a drain valve comprising the membrane.

A separation membrane, suitably for oil and water separation. The membrane including a porous substrate layer and an active layer arranged over at least a part of the substrate layer. The active layer includes a hydrophilic agent and a superhydrophilic agent. Also described is a method of producing the separation membrane and a drain valve comprising the membrane.

A separation membrane, such as for pressure-assisted oil and water separation. The membrane includes a porous substrate layer and an active layer arranged over at least a part of the substrate layer. The active layer is at least partially crosslinked and comprises a superhydrophilic agent. Also described is a method of producing the separation membrane and a drain valve comprising the membrane.

A separation membrane, such as for pressure-assisted oil and water separation. The membrane includes a porous substrate layer and an active layer arranged over at least a part of the substrate layer. The active layer is at least partially crosslinked and comprises a superhydrophilic agent. Also described is a method of producing the separation membrane and a drain valve comprising the membrane.

Provided herein are a controllable liquid transport material, a controllable liquid transport system and a method for preparing a controllable liquid transport material, where a first region of the controllable liquid transport material is treated to be hydrophobic, while a plurality of second regions partially contacted or completely separated with different shapes are treated to have a gradient or varied wettabilities and/or pore sizes for passively controllable liquid transport, and/or integrated with a smart material for actively controllable liquid transport driven by an external force, allowing efficiently and controllably directional transport of a liquid e.g., sweat. The controllable liquid transport system comprises a controllable liquid transport material used as a liquid transport layer and a breathable, waterproof protective layer.