A composite molecular sieve membrane, preparation method and use thereof are provided in the embodiments. The composite molecular sieve membrane includes a support layer and a molecular sieve membrane layer, wherein the support layer is a high-porosity and porous ceramic which is made of nano- or submicron ceramic powder materials or ceramic material precursors prepared through an electrospinning process. The high-porosity and porous ceramic, is adjustable from 40% to 83%. The composite molecular sieve membrane of the embodiments uses the porous ceramic prepared through an electrospinning process as the support layer, and the support layer has a flat and continuous surface, high porosity, uniform and adjustable pore sizes, low-tortuosity pore channels, and high mechanical strength; the flux of the composite molecular sieve membrane is increased, besides, the seed crystals can attach effectively due to the fibrous pore channels of the support layer, ensuring the adhesion amount of seed crystals.

In at least one embodiment, a separator is provided with a fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. New or improved mats, separators, batteries, methods, and/or systems are also disclosed, shown, claimed, and/or provided. For example, in at least one possibly preferred embodiment, a composite separator is provided with a fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. In at least one possibly particularly preferred embodiment, a PE membrane separator is provided with at least one fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, aspects and/or objects, the present invention, application, or disclosure may provide solutions, new products, improved products, new methods, and/or improved methods, and/or may address issues, needs, and/or problems of PAM shedding, NAM shedding, electrode distortion, active material shedding, active material loss, and/or physical separation, electrode effectiveness, battery performance, battery life, and/or cycle life, and/or may provide new battery separators, new battery technology, and/or new battery methods and/or systems that address the challenges arising from current lead acid batteries or battery systems, especially new battery separators, new battery technology, and/or new battery methods and/or systems adapted to prevent or impede the shedding of active material from the electrodes, preferably or particularly in enhanced flooded lead acid batteries, PSoC batteries, ISS batteries, ESS batteries, and/or the like.

In at least one embodiment, a separator is provided with a fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. New or improved mats, separators, batteries, methods, and/or systems are also disclosed, shown, claimed, and/or provided. For example, in at least one possibly preferred embodiment, a composite separator is provided with a fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. In at least one possibly particularly preferred embodiment, a PE membrane separator is provided with at least one fibrous mat for retaining the active material on an electrode of a lead-acid battery. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, aspects and/or objects, the present invention, application, or disclosure may provide solutions, new products, improved products, new methods, and/or improved methods, and/or may address issues, needs, and/or problems of PAM shedding, NAM shedding, electrode distortion, active material shedding, active material loss, and/or physical separation, electrode effectiveness, battery performance, battery life, and/or cycle life, and/or may provide new battery separators, new battery technology, and/or new battery methods and/or systems that address the challenges arising from current lead acid batteries or battery systems, especially new battery separators, new battery technology, and/or new battery methods and/or systems adapted to prevent or impede the shedding of active material from the electrodes, preferably or particularly in enhanced flooded lead acid batteries, PSoC batteries, ISS batteries, ESS batteries, and/or the like.

A separation membrane, suitably for oil and water separation. The membrane including a porous substrate layer and an active layer arranged over at least a part of the substrate layer. The active layer includes a hydrophilic agent and a superhydrophilic agent. Also described is a method of producing the separation membrane and a drain valve comprising the membrane.

In one aspect, a tubular membrane assembly is provided for a heat exchanger. The tubular membrane assembly includes a header having a header body, a tubular membrane, and a fitting connecting the tubular membrane to the header body. The fitting is configured to form a fluid tight connection between the fitting and the tubular membrane. The tubular membrane assembly further includes potting of the header keeping the tubular membrane connected to the fitting.

Disclosed are a heterogeneous zeolite membrane and a method of preparing the same, and more particularly a heterogeneous zeolite membrane that has CHA and DDR zeolite structures by growing seed particles into a crystal structure different from that of the zeolite membrane and can thus separate CO.sub.2/N.sub.2 and CO.sub.2/CH.sub.4 even under wet conditions, a method of preparing the same, and a method of capturing and removing carbon dioxide using the membrane.

Disclosed are a heterogeneous zeolite membrane and a method of preparing the same, and more particularly a heterogeneous zeolite membrane that has CHA and DDR zeolite structures by growing seed particles into a crystal structure different from that of the zeolite membrane and can thus separate CO.sub.2/N.sub.2 and CO.sub.2/CH.sub.4 even under wet conditions, a method of preparing the same, and a method of capturing and removing carbon dioxide using the membrane.

Disclosed are a CHA zeolite membrane and a method of preparing the same, and more particularly, a CHA zeolite membrane having high capacity to separate CO.sub.2/N.sub.2 and CO.sub.2/CH.sub.4 even under wet conditions using a membrane produced using a synthetic precursor having a controlled ratio of Si and Al, a method of preparing the same, and a method of capturing and removing carbon dioxide using the membrane.

Disclosed are a CHA zeolite membrane and a method of preparing the same, and more particularly, a CHA zeolite membrane having high capacity to separate CO.sub.2/N.sub.2 and CO.sub.2/CH.sub.4 even under wet conditions using a membrane produced using a synthetic precursor having a controlled ratio of Si and Al, a method of preparing the same, and a method of capturing and removing carbon dioxide using the membrane.

Disclosed herein is a polycrystalline metal-organic framework membrane comprising a substrate material having a surface and a polycrystalline metal-organic framework attached to the surface of the substrate material, wherein the polycrystalline metal-organic framework is formed from a secondary building unit having the formula Ia or IIb and a ligand as defined in the application.