Separation of carbon dioxide from the exhaust of an internal combustion engine, the production of hydrogen from water, and reformation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen into relatively high-octane fuel components.

Various examples related to resin wafer technologies including ionomers and resin wafers with solution processable ionomers and their production are provided. In one example, a wafer includes an ion conducting layer having ion-exchange resin particles and an ionomer binder coating the ion-exchange resin particles. The ionomer binder can bind the ion-exchange resin particles together in the ion conducting layer. In another example, the wafer can contain water dissociation catalysts for promoting water-splitting in the wafers.

A membrane including a polymer substrate having pore channels and a metal-organic framework disposed on the polymer substrate. Methods of producing the membrane are described. Methods of separating gases using the membrane are also provided.

A membrane is described for purifying or separating hydrogen from a multi-component gas stream such as syngas. This membrane uses a molecular pre-treatment, a transition metal, fluorine containing polymer, carbon fibers and carbon matrix sintered on a supportive screen. The membrane may be a bilayer membrane comprised of a layer containing high surface area carbon and another layer containing lower surface area carbon. Methods for purifying hydrogen are also described.

The present invention provides a separation membrane that allows a separation functional layer to have less defects and that inhibits a flux of a permeation fluid from decreasing. A separation membrane of the present invention includes a separation functional layer, an interlayer, and a porous support member in this order in a stacking direction. The interlayer has a thickness of 0.1 μm to 2.5 μm. A total value of the thickness of the interlayer and a thickness of the separation functional layer is less than 4.0 μm. The interlayer contains a polymer compound, for example. A distance Ra between a Hansen solubility parameter of the polymer compound and a Hansen solubility parameter of H.sub.2O is less than 19 MPa.sup.1/2, for example.

A carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membrane having improved separation characteristics for separating olefins from their corresponding paraffins is comprised of carbon with at most trace amounts of sulfur and a transition metal, wherein the transition metal is one or more of a group 4-10 and 12 transition metal. The CMS membrane may be made by pyrolyzing a precursor polymer devoid of sulfur in which the precursor polymer has had a transition metal incorporated into it. The pyrolyzing for the precursor having the transition metal incorporated into it is performed in a nonoxidizing atmosphere and at a heating rate and temperature such that the metal has a valence greater than zero (i.e., not metal bonded) to a valence desirably closer to its maximum valence.

Disclosed herein is an ion selective separation membrane including: a metal organic framework layer formed on, in, and/or around a substrate, the metal organic framework having a crystal structure that includes a first surface and a second surface and includes ion transport channels formed between respective pore windows in the first surface and the second surface; first and second electrodes to apply a potential difference across the membrane; wherein the respective pore windows have a pore size that is less than the hydrated diameter of the ion for which the ion selective separation membrane is selective.

Flow capture device and method for removing cells from blood The current invention discloses a blood treating and/or purifying device for removing circulating pathogens, preferably pathogenic cells, more preferably circulating tumor cells from the blood of a patient, a method of producing such a device and method to treat cancer and other diseases caused by virus infection, bacterial infection and parasites infection as well as autoimmune disorders. The described method is an extracorporeal medical therapy, thus can be done also in a hemodialysis system. The current invention also describes a device and an in-situ production method of preparing the device to remove CTC and other pathogens i.e. virus, bacteria or parasites from the bloodstream.

The present invention provides a composite body having, on a porous substrate and in the interstices of the substrate that includes fibers, preferably of an electrically nonconductive material, a porous layer (1) composed of oxide particles bonded to one another and partly to the substrate that include at least one oxide selected from oxides of the elements Al, Zr, Ti and Si, preferably selected from Al.sub.2O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2 and SiO.sub.2, and having, at least on one side, a further porous layer (2) including oxide particles bonded to one another and partly to layer (1) that include at least one oxide selected from oxides of the elements Al, Zr, Ti and Si, preferably selected from Al.sub.2O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2 and SiO.sub.2, where the oxide particles present in layer (1) have a greater median particle size than the oxide particles present in layer (2), which is characterized in that the median particle size (d.sub.50) of the oxide particles in layer (1) is from 0.5 to 4 μm and the median particle size (d.sub.50) of the oxide particles in layer (2) is from 0.015 to 0.15 μm, preferably 0.04 to 0.06 μm, a process for producing corresponding composite bodies and for the use thereof, especially in gas separation.

Described herein are mixed matrix filtration membranes and related, dendrimers, dendrimer particles, compositions, methods and systems and in particular mixed matrix filtration membranes with an embedded dendrimer particles and related compositions, methods, and systems wherein each dendrimer particle comprises at least two dendrimers each having at least two core chemical moieties having a core multiplicity Nc; branch cell units attached to the core chemical moiety or one to another, with the branch cell units attached one to another having a branch cells multiplicity Nb; and a number of surface functional groups Z presented on terminal branch cell units, wherein NcNb.sup.G with G≤3.