A porous material comprises a porous material substrate and nanostructure arrays that are in-situ grown on the porous material substrate; wherein a surface modification layer is arranged on the surface of the nanoarrays, and the surface modification layer is configured to increase the adhesion force between the nanoarrays and the microbes. The porous material is applied to disinfection, which comprises the steps: The porous material with the surface-modified nanoarrays is placed in flowing water, the water flow passes through the gaps of the nanoarrays in a shuttling mode, and in the shuttling flowing process, microbes come into contact with the nanoarrays. The microbes are torn up through the hydrodynamic force and the adhesion force between the nanoarrays and the microbes, so that the microbes are physically ruptured to achieve disinfection.

Described herein is a method of using hollow fiber filter cartridge. The method includes: providing a hollow fiber filter cartridge inside or outside an environmental cleaning equipment; allowing a wastewater to enter the hollow fiber filter cartridge from an outside of the hollow fiber filter under no water pressure or low water pressure (such as under 30 gw/cm.sup.2); allowing the wastewater to cross a plurality of nanopores of the hollow fiber filter cartridge under no water pressure or low water pressure (such as under 30 gw/cm.sup.2) to produce a clean water; and allowing the environmental cleaning equipment to filter wastewater to produce clean water continuously, thereby improving cleaning efficiency and reducing water consumption.

Disclosed are a light-driven filtration antibacterial composite membrane and a preparation method and use thereof. The method for preparing the light-driven filtration antibacterial composite membrane includes: mixing dichloromethane and N,N-dimethylformamide to obtain a first solution; adding PCL particles to the first solution, and stirring until being uniform to obtain an electrospinning solution; adding a ZIF-8 powder to the electrospinning solution, and ultrasonically dispersing for at least 1 hour to obtain a PCL/ZIF-8 spinning solution; spraying the PCL/ZIF-8 spinning solution onto a PPCL@PDA/TAEG men-blown membrane to obtain the light-driven filtration antibacterial composite membrane.

A composite body comprising a porous layer (1) made from oxide particles connected to one another and partially to a substrate, containing at least one oxide of the elements Al, Zr, Ti or Si, and comprising a further porous layer (2) at least on one side, having oxide particles connected to one another and partially to the layer (1) and containing at least one oxide of the elements Al, Zr, Ti or Si, wherein the oxide particles in the layer (1) have a greater average particle size (d.sub.50 is 0.5 to 4 μm) than the oxide particles in the layer (2) (d.sub.50 is 0.015 to 0.15 μm), characterised in that a polymer coating (PB) is provided on or above the layer (2), containing one or more polysiloxanes. A method for producing corresponding composite bodies and to the use thereof.

A single-use device for separating or purifying a large volume of a mixture of substances including membrane chromatography modules which are fixedly mounted in a predetermined grid and a line system for linking the membrane chromatography modules and for connecting the membrane chromatography modules to each other. A cover or bottom mechanism holding the membrane chromatography modules in position in a predetermined grid may be attached to the upper or lower side of the membrane chromatography modules. At least part of the line system is formed in the cover or the bottom mechanism, with connecting lines between the membrane chromatography modules. In a method of separating or purifying a large volume of a mixture of substances using such a single-use device having a plurality of automated valves and sensors connected to a control unit, the automated valves are controlled based on an evaluation of the parameters measured by the sensors.

The present invention provides a metal organic framework suitable for increasing a flux of a permeation fluid permeating through a separation membrane. The metal organic framework of the present invention includes a metal ion and an organic ligand. The organic ligand includes, besides a functional group to be coordinated with the metal ion, a first functional group and a second functional group different from the first functional group. The second functional group is a hydroxy group, a nitro group, or a carboxyl group. A ratio of the number of moles of the second functional group with respect to a total value of the number of moles of the first functional group and the number of moles of the second functional group is 30 mol % or less.

The present invention relates to a separation membrane including an organic polymer resin, in which a volume V1 of fine pores having a pore diameter of 100 nm or more is 0.3 cm.sup.3/g or more and 0.5 cm.sup.3/g or less, a volume V2 of fine pores having a pore diameter of less than 100 nm is 0.02 cm.sup.3/g or more and less than 0.1 cm.sup.3/g, and a ratio V1/V2 of the fine pore volume V1 to the fine pore volume V2 is 3 or more and 60 or less.

In accordance with one aspect of the presently disclosed inventive concepts, a porous ceramic structure includes a three-dimensional printed structure having predefined features, where the three-dimensional structure has a geometric shape. The average length of the features may be at least 10 microns. The three-dimensional structure includes a ceramic material having an open cell structure with a plurality of pores, where the pores form continuous channels through the ceramic material from one side of the ceramic material to an opposite side of the ceramic material.

An acidic gas separation membrane sheet causes an acidic gas to selectively permeate therethrough. The acidic gas separation membrane sheet includes a first porous layer, a hydrophilic resin composition layer, and a second porous layer in this order. A second peel strength between the second porous layer and the hydrophilic resin composition layer is less than a first peel strength between the first porous layer and the hydrophilic resin composition layer. An average value of the second peel strength is within a range of greater than or equal to 5 N/m and less than or equal to 500 N/m.

Provided herein are, inter alia, biological manufacturing and downstream purification processes.