A method of making a hollow fiber carbon molecular sieve is comprised of heating a hollow polymer fiber to a carbonization temperature in an atmosphere that is non-oxidizing to form a hollow fiber carbon molecular sieve, wherein during at least a portion of the heating a tensile force is applied to the hollow polymer fiber. The method may improve the separation of gases similar in size such a propylene from propane.

Composite materials for removing hydrophobic components from a fluid include a porous matrix polymer, carbon nanotubes grafted to surfaces of the porous matrix polymer, and polystyrene chains grafted to the carbon nanotubes. Examples of porous matrix polymer include polyurethanes, polyethylenes, and polypropylenes. Membranes of the composite material may be enclosed within a fluid-permeable pouch to form a fluid treatment apparatus, such that by contacting the apparatus with a fluid mixture containing water and a hydrophobic component, the hydrophobic component absorbs selectively into the membrane. The apparatus may be removed from the fluid mixture and reused after the hydrophobic component is expelled from the membrane. The composite material may be prepared by grafting functionalized carbon nanotubes to a porous matrix polymer to form a polymer-nanotube composite, then polymerizing styrene onto the carbon nanotubes of the polymer-nanotube composite.

A polymer film has a loofah-like structure. It has a fibrous framework structure formed by three-dimensional interwoven and interconnected polymer fibers and a three-dimensional interconnected network pore structure distributed in the fibrous framework structure. The polymer is an organic polymer and the fibrous framework structure is integrally formed by the polymer. The film has a volume porosity of from 50% to 95%. The film is obtained by means of a combination method for atomization pretreatment and non-solvent phase separation. The film can be used in the fields of gas filtration, liquid filtration, oil-water separation, adsorption materials, catalysis, pharmaceutical sustained release materials, anti-adhesion coatings, oil delivery and oil spill interception.

The present disclosure discloses a nano-separation refrigeration system and discloses a refrigeration circulation method, wherein the nano-separation refrigeration system includes an evaporator provided with an inlet and an outlet; a condenser provided with a condensation cavity, a gas inlet, a gas outlet, and a liquid outlet, wherein a molecular sieve membrane is disposed in the condensation cavity between the gas inlet and the gas outlet, and the molecular sieve membrane is configured to separate a mixed gas; a first connecting pipe having one end connected to the outlet and the other end to the gas inlet; a second connecting pipe having one end connected to the liquid outlet and the other end to the inlet; a third connecting pipe having one end connected to the gas outlet and the other end to the inlet.

The invention discloses a forward osmosis (FO) membrane containing silica nanoparticles having high permeate water flux and its manufacturing method. The FO membrane containing a plurality of silica nanoparticles comprises a substrate layer made of polysulfone and a polyamide layer disposed on the substrate layer. In the course of manufacturing the polyamide layer on the substrate layer by interfacial polymerization, the plurality of silica nanoparticles with different properties is added into the polyamide layer to obtain the FO membrane containing silica nanoparticles having high permeability and solute selectivity.

Fabricating a zeolite membrane on a substrate includes disposing first zeolite crystals on a substrate to yield a first layer on the substrate and disposing second zeolite crystals on the first layer to yield a second layer on the first layer, thereby yielding a membrane precursor. The membrane precursor is heated at a first temperature for a first length of time, and the temperature of the membrane precursor is increased or decreased from the first temperature to a second temperature. The membrane precursor is heated at the second temperature for a second length of time to yield the zeolite membrane. The second zeolite crystals have a smaller average diameter than the first zeolite crystals. The second temperature can exceed the first temperature or the first temperature can exceed the second temperature.

The monolithic separation membrane structure includes a monolithic base, an intermediate layer and a separation membrane. The monolithic base has a plurality of filtration cells extending from a first end face to a second end face. The intermediate layer is formed on an inner surface of the filtration cells. The separation membrane is formed on an inner surface of the intermediate layer. An inner diameter not including the intermediate layer and the separation membrane of the plurality of respective filtration cells is greater than or equal to 1.0 mm to less than or equal to 2.0 mm. A partition wall thickness not including the intermediate layer and the separation membrane of the shortest portion of two adjacent filtration cells of the plurality of filtration cells is greater than or equal to 0.05 mm to less than 0.2 mm. A thickness of the intermediate layer is greater than or equal to 20 μm to less than 100 μm.

The monolithic separation membrane structure includes a monolithic base, an intermediate layer and a separation membrane. The monolithic base has a plurality of filtration cells extending from a first end face to a second end face. The intermediate layer is formed on an inner surface of the filtration cells. The separation membrane is formed on an inner surface of the intermediate layer. An inner diameter not including the intermediate layer and the separation membrane of the plurality of respective filtration cells is greater than or equal to 1.0 mm to less than or equal to 2.0 mm. A partition wall thickness not including the intermediate layer and the separation membrane of the shortest portion of two adjacent filtration cells of the plurality of filtration cells is greater than or equal to 0.05 mm to less than 0.2 mm. A thickness of the intermediate layer is greater than or equal to 20 μm to less than 100 μm.

In view of above problems, an object of the invention is to provide a primary containment vessel venting system having a structure capable of continuously discharging vapor in a primary containment vessel out of the system and continuously reducing pressure of the primary containment vessel without discharging radioactive noble gases to the outside of the containment vessel and without using an enclosing vessel or a power source. In order to achieve the above object, an nuclear power plant of the invention includes a primary containment vessel which includes a reactor pressure vessel, a radioactive substance separation apparatus which is disposed inside the primary containment vessel and through which the radioactive noble gases do not permeate but vapor permeates, a vent pipe which is connected to the radioactive substance separation apparatus, and an exhaust tower which is connected to the vent pipe and discharges a gas, from which a radioactive substance is removed, to the outside.

In view of above problems, an object of the invention is to provide a primary containment vessel venting system having a structure capable of continuously discharging vapor in a primary containment vessel out of the system and continuously reducing pressure of the primary containment vessel without discharging radioactive noble gases to the outside of the containment vessel and without using an enclosing vessel or a power source. In order to achieve the above object, an nuclear power plant of the invention includes a primary containment vessel which includes a reactor pressure vessel, a radioactive substance separation apparatus which is disposed inside the primary containment vessel and through which the radioactive noble gases do not permeate but vapor permeates, a vent pipe which is connected to the radioactive substance separation apparatus, and an exhaust tower which is connected to the vent pipe and discharges a gas, from which a radioactive substance is removed, to the outside.