A process for the treatment of waste water, spent air, and hydrocarbon containing liquid and gaseous streams in the cumene/phenol complex is described. Various effluent streams are combined in appropriate collection vessels, including a spent air knockout drum, a hydrocarbon buffer vessel, a fuel gas knockout drum, a phenolic water vessel, and a non-phenolic water vessel. Streams from these vessels are sent to a thermal oxidation system.

A method and a filter device for the dry filtration of a gas flow carrying foreign objects in a filter device for purifying waste gas produced in additive manufacturing technologies, conducting a raw gas flow containing foreign objects into a raw gas space of a filter unit having at least one filter surface separating a raw gas side from a clean gas side, feeding oxidant to a reaction region located on the raw gas side of the filter surface downstream of the filter surface, such that foreign objects contained in material cleaned off from the filter surface and/or in the raw gas flow react with the oxidant in the reaction region to form foreign objects containing oxides.

An apparatus for treating the atmosphere of a storage space for vegetable products with a volume greater than 200 m.sup.3, includes a contacting device having a packing; an injector configured to inject a liquid flow into the contacting device; and a circulator configured to circulate the storage atmosphere in the contacting device. The contacting device is configured such that the storage atmosphere is brought into contact with the liquid flow by circulation in the packing.

An apparatus and method for treating a semiconductor process gas comprises a gas inlet allowing a treatment target gas (or gas to be treated) to flow therethrough; a catalytic reaction portion including a catalyst and configured to allow the treatment target gas to be brought into contact with the catalyst; a space velocity controller between the gas inlet and the catalytic reaction portion, the space velocity controller extending from the gas inlet in a diagonal direction in relation to the gas inlet; a differential pressure buffer portion between the space velocity controller and the catalytic reaction portion and including a filter; and a gas outlet configured to externally discharge a product formed as the treatment target gas comes into contact with the catalyst.

One aspect of the invention relates to a method comprising a single-stage conversion of an atmospheric pollutant, such as NO, NO.sub.2 and/or SOX in a first stream to one or more mineral acids and/or salts thereof by reacting with nonionic gas phase chlorine dioxide (ClO.sub.2.sup.0), wherein the reaction is carried out in the gas phase. Another aspect of the invention relates to a method comprising first adjusting the atmospheric pollutant concentrations in a first stream to a molar ratio of about 1:1, and then reacting with an aqueous metal hydroxide solution (MOH). Another aspect of the invention relates to an apparatus that can be used to carry out the methods disclosed herein. The methods disclosed herein are unexpectedly efficient and cost effective, and can be applied to a stream comprising high concentration and large volume of atmospheric pollutants.

The invention present provides a method (and suitable apparatus) to convert biomass to ethanol, comprising gasifying the biomass to produce raw syngas; feeding the raw syngas to an acid-gas removal unit to remove at least some CO.sub.2 and produce a conditioned syngas stream; feeding the conditioned syngas stream to a fermentor to biologically convert the syngas to ethanol; capturing a tail gas from an exit of the fermentor, wherein the tail gas comprises at least CO.sub.2 and unconverted CO or H.sub.2; and recycling a first portion of the tail gas to the fermentor and/or a second portion of the tail gas to the acid-gas removal unit. This invention allows for increased syngas conversion to ethanol, improved process efficiency, and better overall biorefinery economics for conversion of biomass to ethanol.

Methods and systems are provided for an exhaust gas treatment device. In one example, the exhaust gas treatment device comprises an electrochemical cell having a first electrode, a second electrode and an electrolyte provided between the first and second electrodes, wherein the electrochemical cell is configured to convert a first pollutant species, such as nitric oxide, within the exhaust gas to a second pollutant species, such as nitrogen dioxide, such that a concentration of the second pollutant species within the exhaust gases leaving the exhaust gas treatment device is increased relative to the exhaust gases entering the exhaust gas treatment device.

A method for treating sulfur contaminants is provided. The method comprises introducing a methylmorpholine-N-oxide solution to a vessel, wherein the vessel comprises a water layer and a gas layer, wherein the water layer and the gas layer comprise the hydrogen sulfide; introducing methylmorpholine-N-oxide into the water layer; and treating the water layer by allowing the methylmorpholine-N-oxide to react with the hydrogen sulfide.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method of regenerating at least one filter medium comprising: providing at least one filter medium, wherein the at least one filter medium comprises: at least one catalyst material; and ammonium bisulfate (ABS) deposits, ammonium sulfate (AS) deposits, or any combination thereof; flowing a flue gas stream transverse to a cross-section of a filter medium, such that the flue gas stream passes through the cross section of the at least one filter medium, wherein the flue gas stream comprises: NOx compounds comprising: Nitric Oxide (NO), and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO.sub.2); and increasing an NOx removal efficiency of the at least one filter medium after removal of deposits.

An alkaline aqueous ferric iron salt solution is disclosed. Generally, the alkaline aqueous ferric iron salt solution comprises ferric ions (Fe.sup.3+), potassium ions (K.sup.+), carbonate ions (CO.sub.3.sup.2−), bicarbonate ions (HCO.sub.3.sup.−), hydroxide ions (OH.sup.−), optionally nitrate ions (NO.sub.3.sup.−). Further, a molar ratio of the potassium ions to the ferric ions is generally at least 5.0. The ferric iron is complexed with carbonate, bicarbonate or both to form a water-soluble complex that is anionic in nature and highly soluble in the alkaline aqueous ferric iron salt solution at pH above 8.5, and a pH of the alkaline aqueous ferric iron salt solution is at least 8.5.