An agent for removing a halogen gas, such as chlorine, in a waste gas by means of reduction; a method for producing this agent; a method for removing a halogen gas by use of this agent; and a system for removing a halogen gas. The agent for removing the halogen gas contains at least pseudo-boehmite, that serves as a host material, and a sulfur-containing reducing agent, that serves as a guest material. 1-8% by weight of the reducing agent, in terms of elemental sulfur, based on the total amount of the pseudo-boehmite and sulfur-containing reducing agent is present in the agent. At least one inorganic compound selected from among oxides, carbonates salts and hydrocarbon salts of alkaline earth metal elements, transition metal elements and zinc group elements is additionally contained in the agent as a third component.

An integrated amine and redox gas treatment system is configured to treat an influent hydrocarbon containing stream. The system includes a reduction oxidation unit connected directly downstream of an amine unit. The amine unit is configured to separate the influent fluid stream into a first amine effluent stream including hydrocarbons and a second amine effluent stream including a connection pressure and comprising CO.sub.2. The reduction oxidation unit is configured to receive the second amine effluent stream from the amine unit and operate at the connection pressure while releasing a reduction oxidation effluent stream including purified CO.sub.2. The connection pressure includes a single pressure or a plurality of pressures at which both the amine unit and the reduction oxidation unit are configured to operate.

A plasma abatement process for abating effluent containing compounds from a processing chamber is described. A plasma abatement process takes gaseous foreline effluent from a processing chamber, such as a deposition chamber, and reacts the effluent within a plasma chamber placed in the foreline path. The plasma dissociates the compounds within the effluent, converting the effluent into more benign compounds. Abating reagents may assist in the abating of the compounds. The abatement process may be a volatizing or a condensing abatement process. Representative volatilizing abating reagents include, for example, CH.sub.4, H.sub.2O, H.sub.2, NF.sub.3, SF.sub.6, F.sub.2, HCl, HF, Cl.sub.2, and HBr. Representative condensing abating reagents include, for example, H.sub.2, H.sub.2O, O.sub.2, N.sub.2, O.sub.3, CO, CO.sub.2, NH.sub.3, N.sub.2O, CH.sub.4, and combinations thereof.

A method of removing ammonia from a continuous vent gas stream of a urea plant, in particular of a medium-pressure section of a urea plant, includes a step of removing ammonia from the continuous vent gas stream of the urea plant using a controlled-combustion process including at least a first lean, oxygen-poor combustion step performed in the presence of an understoichiometric amount of oxygen acting as the sole comburent, and in a reducing atmosphere of hydrogen.

Treatment of hydrocarbon streams, and in one non-limiting embodiment refinery distillates, with high pH aqueous reducing agents, such as borohydride, results in reduction of the sulfur compounds such as disulfides, mercaptans and thioethers that are present to give easily removed sulfides. The treatment converts the original sulfur compounds into hydrogen sulfide or low molecular weight mercaptans that can be extracted from the distillate with caustic solutions, hydrogen sulfide or mercaptan scavengers, solid absorbents such as clay or activated carbon or liquid absorbents such as amine-aldehyde condensates and/or aqueous aldehydes.

A process for removing impurities from a flue gas, comprising treating the flue gas with a liquid absorbent comprising (i) a precursor of chlorine dioxide and (ii) an organic ionic liquid, and releasing a purified flue gas into the atmosphere. The process is useful for removing Hg, SO.sub.2 and NOx.

A decomposition chamber for an aftertreatment system includes an outer conduit that has an inner surface, a doser mount coupled to the outer conduit, and an inner conduit disposed within the outer conduit. The inner conduit has an upstream end, a downstream end, and an outer surface that is spaced from the inner surface of the outer conduit. The inner conduit includes an opening aligned with the doser mount and disposed closer to the upstream end than to the downstream end, and a lip extending along a portion of the opening and angled partially outward and partially toward the upstream end.

A process for processing metal ore includes: reducing a metal ore, particularly a metallic oxide, in a blast furnace shaft; producing furnace gas containing CO.sub.2, in the blast furnace shaft; discharging the furnace gas from the blast furnace shaft; directing at least a portion of the furnace gas directly or indirectly into a CO.sub.2-converter; and converting the CO.sub.2 contained in the furnace gas into an aerosol consisting of a carrier gas and C-particles in the CO.sub.2-converter in the presence of a stoichiometric surplus of C; directing at least a first portion of the aerosol from the CO.sub.2-converter into the blast furnace shaft; and introducing H.sub.2O into the blast furnace shaft. By virtue of the reaction C+H.sub.2O.fwdarw.CO.sub.2+2H, nascent hydrogen is produced in the blast furnace which causes rapid reduction of the metal ore. The speed of reduction of the metal ore is thus increased, and it is possible to increase either the throughput capacity of the blast furnace or to reduce the size of the blast furnace. An aerosol in the form of a fluid is easily introducible into the blast furnace shaft.

Oxygen is removed from a gas feed such as a landfill gas, a digester gas or an industrial CO.sub.2 off-gas by removing sulfur-containing compounds and siloxanes from the feed gas, heating the feed gas, injecting one or more reactants for oxygen conversion into the heated feed gas, carrying out a selective catalytic oxygen conversion in at least onesuitable reactor and cleaning the resulting oxygen-depleted gas. The reactants to be injected comprise one or more of H.sub.2, CO, ammonia, urea, methanol, ethanol and dimethylether (DME).

A multi-function duct for a dry scrubber system useful for processing a gas stream, such as a flue gas stream produced by a fossil fuel fired boiler, a combustion process or the like, is provided. The multi-function duct is useful for a circulating dry scrubber (CDS) dry flue gas desulfurization (DFGD) system operable for dry or moistened reducing agent distribution into a flue gas stream flowing therethrough. As such, the distributed dry or moistened reducing agent reacts with acid gas in the flue gas to produce a dry reaction product.