A system and method for reduction of Nitrogen Oxide emissions from marine engines by converting Nitrogen Oxide into Nitrogen is disclosed. The modular reactive cyclic induction apparatus connects to the exhaust of a conventional diesel marine engine and uses air pressure and the sodium chloride in seawater to create a molecular reaction to break down Nitrogen Oxide into Nitrogen by use of an induction apparatus. The system can also include a loop for removing Carbon Dioxide through electrolysis, and removes other environmental pollutants as well, including for example Sulphur oxides, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter during the process.

The present invention describes a fluid which is suitable for the decontamination of heat engines which can carry out both, at the same time, the catalytic reduction of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) contained in exhaust gases and assist in the regeneration of the particulate filter (PF). The invention also describes several embodiments of said fluid.

Methods for removing reduced sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide, from fluids employing a ferric iron salt that exhibits unusually high solubility in aqueous, alkaline solutions and has strong affinity for capture and oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds. Alkaline aqueous ferric iron salt and solutions thereof useful for removing reduced sulfur compounds from fluids and various methods of production of such salts and solutions. In addition, methods of regenerating the alkaline aqueous ferric iron salt solutions after capture of hydrogen sulfide or other reduced sulfur compounds, generally by exposure to oxygen in air. The alkali metal carbonate salt preferably comprises potassium carbonate and/or potassium bicarbonate. The alkaline aqueous ferric iron salt solutions generally comprise ferric ions, potassium ions, carbonate ions, and bicarbonate ions, optionally with one or more organic additives. In addition, aqueous-soluble, ferric iron salts and ferric iron containing solids prepared by removal of aqueous medium from solutions herein.

A process for producing ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass includes adding at least one of sulfur dioxide and sulfurous acid to the lignocellulosic biomass to provide an equivalent sulfur dioxide loading of at least 10 wt % sulfur dioxide to dry lignocellulosic biomass. The acidified lignocellulosic biomass is pretreated at a temperature above about 185° C. and for a pretreatment time less than about 10 minutes, to provide a pretreated biomass composition wherein the biomass is readily hydrolyzed by enzymes. Advantageously, sulfur dioxide from at least one of the flash stream and a stream derived from the flash is recovered and recycled back into the process.

The present disclosure relates to a gas filtering device that allows to cover and filter gases emanating from liquid and/or solid substances without the use of auxiliary technologies. The gas filtering device comprises an air tight geomembrane that is adapted to cover and seal the surface from which the gas emanations come from, one or more air permeable filtering cartridge pocket(s) embedded within the air tight geomembrane that are adapted to adopt an opened configuration and a closed configuration, and one or more corresponding filtering cartridge(s) that are releasably secured within the air permeable filtering cartridge pocket.

Methods of using sorbents to enhance the production of hydrogen from fuel, and related systems, are generally described. In some embodiments, the production of hydrogen from the fuel involves a reforming reaction and/or a gasification reaction combined with a water-gas shift reaction.

Systems and methods are disclosed and include a controller and a water recovery device. The water recovery device includes a desiccant stack including a chamber defining an airflow path therein. The water recovery device includes an evaporator in communication with the desiccant stack and one or more condensers in communication with the desiccant stack. The controller is configured to set the water recovery system to one of an absorption mode and an extraction mode. The water recovery device is configured to receive ambient air in the chamber to remove water vapor using the liquid desiccant and retain the water vapor in the chamber when the water recovery system is in the absorption mode. The water recovery device is configured to remove the water vapor within the chamber when the water recovery system is in the extraction mode.

Systems and methods for operating a water recovery system are disclosed and include activating a condenser of the water recovery system. The method includes measuring a temperature associated with the condenser based on data obtained from a condenser temperature sensor. The method includes comparing the temperature associated with the condenser to a maximum threshold temperature. The method includes activating an auxiliary condenser of the water recovery system in response to the temperature associated with the condenser being greater than the maximum threshold temperature.

The removal of acid gases (e.g., non-carbon dioxide acid gases) using sorbents that include salts in molten form, and related systems and methods, are generally described.

New formulation for pyrite scale removal from oil and gas wells and a method of pyrite scale removal are disclosed. The chemical formulation is composed of K.sub.2B.sub.4O.sub.7-4H.sub.2O, in a concentration of about 9-20 wt. % of the composition, preferably about 14 wt. % of the composition. The new formulation has the ability to dissolve pyrite without generation of the toxic H.sub.2S. Furthermore, the new formulation is cheaper and has very low corrosion rate compare to 15 wt. % HCl with corrosion inhibitor. The disclose method uses the disclosed new formulation to dissolve iron sulphide scale, performed at about 100-150 C. and about 500-2000 psi.