The present invention relates to a VOC reduction system and a VOC reduction method that applies pulse type thermal energy to a catalyst to activate the catalyst and oxidizes and removes the VOC.

Hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans may be removed from a fluid or gaseous stream by introducing a composite to the fluid or gaseous stream containing a hydrogen sulfide scavenger adsorbed onto a water-insoluble adsorbent.

A humidity control device for use in maintaining the desired humidity of a closed environment, e.g., a container, while also decreasing headspace oxygen, the device including a water vapor and oxygen permeable pouch, an aqueous salt solution containing humidity controlling salts in combination with salts of ascorbic acid or isomers thereof.

Disclosed herein is a system for purifying air; for the capture of solid residues (soot), and the transformation of CO.sub.x and NO.sub.x (and even methane) present in contaminated air generated by industrial combustion. The purifying air system comprises an air entrance (c); a first module (A), made up of mechanical filters; a second module (B), downwards from the first module (A), and it corresponds to a series of small reactors with molecular converters (nucleophile chemical agents) to capture and transform carbon oxides (CO.sub.x) and nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x); and an exit for decontaminated air (D).

The present invention relates to an apparatus for absorbing and mineralizing carbon dioxide comprising a reactor and a three-phase separator, in which said reactor comprises a tower body and a draft tube disposed inside the tower body, a liquid inlet pipe and a gas intake pipe being disposed on the tower body, the outlet ends of the liquid inlet pipe and the gas intake pipe both being located inside the draft tube; and the three-phase separator is disposed at the upper end of the reactor, and a method therefor. The arrangement of draft tube inside the reactor of the present invention, enhances gas-liquid-solid mixing state because of the flow with airlift loop flow inside the reactor, accelerates the dissolution rate of solid alkali solute and thus may increase absorption reaction rate and absorptivity; the integration of three-phase separator in the reaction apparatus may isolate carbonate by settling while reacting, reduce solid content of the solution, while reducing the circulation of water between absorption and separation units, improve process performance, reduce process energy consumption; carbonate particles generated can be controlled better, thus a higher settling efficiency can be obtained.

A method for forming a solution of ammonium carbamate is provided herein. The method includes, but is not limited to, providing a reactor comprising a solution of ammonia. The method further includes, but is not limited to, feeding carbon dioxide through the solution of ammonia to form a mixture. The method further includes, but is not limited to, combining a solution of sodium hydroxide and the mixture to form the ammonium carbamate.

In a general aspect, interfacial surface structures for removing carbon dioxide from a gaseous feed are presented. In some cases, a method of removing carbon dioxide gas from a gaseous feed includes wetting surfaces of an interfacial surface structure in a gas-liquid contactor with an alkaline capture solution. The gaseous feed containing the CO.sub.2 gas is passed across the wetted surfaces of the interfacial surface structure to dissolve the CO.sub.2 gas in the alkaline capture solution. A CO.sub.2-rich alkaline capture solution is collected from the gas-liquid contactor. The CO.sub.2-rich alkaline capture solution includes dissolved CO.sub.2 gas from the gaseous feed.

In a general aspect, a carbon dioxide removal system is presented. In some cases, a gas-liquid contactor is wetted with an alkaline capture solution. A first flow from a first gaseous feed including CO.sub.2 from a first source is directed to interact with the alkaline capture solution in the gas-liquid contactor, which forms a first CO.sub.2-rich alkaline capture solution. A second flow from a second gaseous feed including CO.sub.2 from a second, distinct source is directed to interact with the first CO.sub.2-rich alkaline capture solution, which forms a second CO.sub.2-rich alkaline capture solution. In some cases, the second flow is independent of the first gaseous feed, and a concentration of CO.sub.2 in the second CO.sub.2-rich alkaline capture solution is higher than a concentration of CO.sub.2 in the first CO.sub.2-rich alkaline capture solution. CO.sub.2 can be separated from the second CO.sub.2-rich alkaline capture solution.

A reactive composition comprising between 60% and 98% by weight of sodium bicarbonate, between 1% and 40% by weight of sodium carbonate and between 0.02% and 2.0% by weight of ammonia, expressed in the form of ammonium ions NH.sub.4.sup.+, and comprising from 0.01 to 5% by weight of a compound selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, and fatty acid salts.

In one aspect, the invention provides a method for the capture of at least one acid gas in a composition, the release of said gas from said composition, and the subsequent regeneration of said composition for re-use, said method comprising performing, in order, the steps of: (a) capturing the at least one acid gas by contacting said at least one gas with a capture composition comprising at least one salt of a carboxylic acid and at least one water-miscible non-aqueous solvent; (b) releasing said at least one acid gas by adding at least one protic solvent or agent to said composition; and (c) regenerating the capture composition by partial or complete removal of said added protic solvent or agent from said composition. Optionally, said capture composition comprising at least one salt of a carboxylic acid and at least one water-miscible non-aqueous solvent additionally comprises water or another protic solvent. In another aspect, the invention envisages a composition which additionally comprises at least one protic solvent or agent and release of the at least one acid gas is achieved solely by subjecting the composition to the application of heat or stripping with a stream of air. The method is typically applied to the capture and subsequent release of carbon dioxide, and offers a convenient and simple process which uses inexpensive consumables and offers significant advantages over the methods of the prior art.