The present disclosure relates to a porous liquid or a porous liquid enzyme that includes a high surface area solid and a liquid film substantially covering the high surface area solid. The porous liquid or porous liquid enzyme may be contacted with a fluid that is immiscible with the liquid film such that a liquid-fluid interface is formed. The liquid film may facilitate mass transfer of a substance or substrate across the liquid-fluid interface. The present disclosure also provides methods of performing liquid-based extractions and enzymatic reactions utilizing the porous liquid or porous liquid enzyme of the present disclosure.

Methods and systems for converting ammonium waste streams into certifiably Organic ammonium salts having a variety of uses in greenhouse gas-reducing activities are herein described. The resulting ammonium salt compositions can be used to enhance crop yield.

A system configured to capture CO.sub.2 and able to be washed of the captured CO.sub.2 includes a material including an ionic liquid configured to capture CO.sub.2 in response to exposure to a gas comprising CO.sub.2 and to a thermal energy source and an aerogel holding the ionic liquid therein. The system may also include a washing solution configured to wash the captured CO.sub.2 from the material.

An entirely water-based, energy self-sufficient, integrated in-line waste management system is provided for comprehensive conversion of all organic fractions of municipal and wider community waste to fuels suitable for use in transportation, with all solid residues converted to high nutrition compost. The system is based on a combination of pre-treatment, involving alkaline hydrolysis and saponification; three-way separation of the pre-treated waste into different streams that are each directed to suitable further processing including fuel production; which includes biodiesel generation in a continuous-flow catalytic esterification unit, and anaerobic digestion to produce methane or other small molecule biofuel. Remaining solids are converted to compost in a quasi-continuous process.

A treatment process for remediating H.sub.2S and other contaminants in liquids includes: partially filling a closed vessel with a contaminated liquid containing ≥5 ppm H.sub.2S with a head space above the liquid within the vessel where gasses released from the liquid from the liquid collect; separately providing a treatment composition in the head space so that the gasses from the liquid may contact the treatment composition; and permitting the contact between the vapors from the liquid and the treatment composition to continue until a collective concentration of H.sub.2S in the liquid and in the head space is <5 ppm. The treatment composition includes an aqueous solution containing at least one hydroxide compound, a collective concentration of the at least one hydroxide compound in the aqueous solution is in a range of 35-55 weight %, and the aqueous solution constitutes at least 80 weight % of the treatment composition.

A system, apparatus and methods are described for extracting carbon dioxide from air. The system may receive air blown over a contactor. The contactor can be coupled to a cooling tower. The contactor may comprise sorbent material to absorb carbon dioxide from the blown air. The sorbent material may be transported and placed into a regeneration reactor. The carbon dioxide in the sorbent material may be extracted via the regeneration reactor. The extracted carbon dioxide may be pressurized into and stored in a pressurized container.

The invention relates to a gas scrubbing process for purifying crude synthesis gas with methanol as a physical absorption medium, wherein an acid gas comprising at least hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) is produced. The acid gas is produced in a hot regenerator arranged downstream of an absorption apparatus and subsequently separated from gaseous methanol in an acid gas separator by cooling and condensation. The acid gas separator has a condensation region and an absorption region, wherein both regions are separated from one another by a gas-permeable tray. This has the result that impurities such as hydrogen cyanide and/or ammonia outgassing from a first acid gas substream are not reabsorbed in the condensation region of the acid gas separator, thus avoiding an accumulation of impurities in the hot regenerator or other parts of the gas scrubbing plant. The invention further relates to an acid gas separator and to the use of the acid gas separator according to the invention in a process according to the invention.

A carbon processing system comprises an air mover and a multi-stage reactor. The multi-stage reactor processes ambient air and generates carbon dioxide and generates exhausted gas released to ambient air. In operation, air contacts the base solution via the air mover. The air reacts with the base solution thereby generating a base solution having carbon dioxide and generating exhaust (absorption reaction). Next, the exhaust is released from the reactor. Next, heat is applied to the base solution having carbon dioxide thereby generating carbon dioxide and generating a base solution without carbon dioxide (desorption reaction). The base solution without carbon dioxide generated after applying heat is reusable in processing new air. The absorption reaction and desorption reaction are reversible reactions resulting in regeneration of the base solution into its form prior to contact with the air yielding high scalability and less processing volume as required by many conventional carbon processing techniques.

A scrubbing assembly for treating malodorous air by chemical scrubbing one or more chemical components from an influent airflow, particularly one or more chemical components that have become airborne from chemical intervention solutions used during food processing, such as vapors from peroxycarboxylic acid solutions used during food processing. The peroxycarboxylic acid vapors are removed from air in a continuous manner within the scrubber assembly utilizing a neutralizing chemical solution to provide a treated effluent airflow that can be returned back to the point of use area from which the malodorous air was removed for treatment.

Devices and methods for controlling humidity including an aqueous saturated solution of a salt and/or a sugar in combination with an additive in which all components of the saturated solution are food grade. The device may or may not include a container, such as a flexible pouch, encasing the aqueous saturated solution and/or an absorbent pad. The pouch or other container may be made of a material which is moisture permeable and liquid impermeable, for example, and the aqueous saturated solution further comprises a thickening agent. In some embodiments, the components of the aqueous saturated salt solution are separately contained in different compartments of the device container, and a user may activate the device to mix the components together.