Described herein are articles comprising an anhydrous polyelectrolyte complex comprising an interpenetrating network of at least one positively charged polyelectrolyte polymer and at least one negatively charged polyelectrolyte polymer. The articles described herein are effective drying agents with respect to removing water from solvents and gasses. Also described herein are methods for making and using the articles described herein.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to carbon dioxide sorbent molecules and to processes for forming carbon dioxide sorbent molecules. Embodiments described herein also generally relate to processes for CO.sub.2 absorption and CO.sub.2 desorption. In an embodiment, a composition for absorbing or desorbing carbon dioxide is provided. The composition includes a carbon dioxide sorbent molecule. The carbon dioxide sorbent molecule includes a melamine-formaldehyde adduct or reaction product modified with an organoamine source, the organoamine source being different from melamine.

The invention provides processes for cleaning carbon dioxide-containing process gases from the preparation of vinyl acetate after reaction of ethylene with acetic acid and oxygen in heterogeneously catalyzed, continuous gas phase processes, characterized in that carbon dioxide-containing process gases, for removal of carbon dioxide, are contacted with one or more scrubbing solutions, and one or more scrubbing solutions comprise one or more oxides of metals (metal oxides) selected from the group comprising vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, manganese and arsenic.

Capture of hydrogen sulfide from a gas mixture may be accomplished using an aqueous solution comprising an amine. Certain sterically hindered amines may selectively form a reaction product with hydrogen sulfide under kinetically controlled contacting conditions and afford a light phase and a heavy phase above a critical solution temperature, wherein the hydrogen sulfide may be present in either phase. Upon separation of the light phase from the heavy phase, processing of one of the phases may take place to remove hydrogen sulfide therefrom. Recycling of the amine to an absorber tower may then take place to promote capture of additional hydrogen sulfide.

Captured carbon dioxide, preferably carbon dioxide captured from emissions such as carbon dioxide from flue gas emissions, can be provided in the form of purified carbon dioxide after undergoing one or more purification processes, such that the purified carbon dioxide is capable of being utilized in the formation of one or more other economically viable chemicals, such as an oxalate salt and/or oxalic acid via an electrochemical reduction process. The electrochemical reduction process utilizing a modified cathode having a metal coating for the efficient and high yield of oxalate salt and/or oxalic acid. The economically viable chemicals derived from captured carbon dioxide capable of being utilized in other applications including the treatment of waste-products, such as in the neutralization of red mud and/or the extraction of rare earth minerals from neutralized red mud.

A carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) stream reacts with an amine-modified magnetic nanoparticle in solution to form an amine-CO.sub.2 adduct. The solution that includes the amine-modified magnetic nanoparticle is heated by an external alternating magnetic field. The heat provided by the external alternating magnetic field is localized such that only the amine-CO.sub.2 adduct is heated to release the CO.sub.2, without heating the entire solution. This process helps with the capture and release of CO.sub.2 with a significantly reduced energy during the CO.sub.2 release step.

A method of regenerating spent aqueous solvent using microwave absorbers featuring: adding a microwave absorber to a spent CO.sub.2 solvent solution, forming a mixture of microwave absorber material dispersed in the spent CO.sub.2 solvent solution, wherein the spent CO.sub.2 solvent solution is an aqueous solution of spent CO.sub.2 sorbent, wherein spent CO.sub.2 sorbent is a CO.sub.2 sorbent with CO.sub.2 absorbed thereon; and exposing the mixture to microwaves, resulting in desorption of absorbed CO.sub.2 from the CO.sub.2 sorbent, regenerating CO.sub.2 sorbent. A system for regenerating spent aqueous solvent having: a mixture having: an aqueous solution of a spent CO.sub.2 sorbent, wherein the spent CO.sub.2 sorbent is a CO.sub.2 sorbent with CO.sub.2 absorbed thereon; and a microwave absorber material mixed in the aqueous solution of spent CO.sub.2 sorbent, wherein the microwave absorber material is an electrical insulator that is configured to be polarized by an applied electric field.

A process and related plant are used for treating a raw vent gas containing bitumen vapours released by equipment of a polymer-bitumen membranes production line, in which operations involve a filler powder, such mixing the filler powder with the bitumen, during which the filler powder is incorporated into the raw vent gas that is initially powder-free. The process includes first conveying the raw vent gas into a gas-washing device along with a solution of a surfactant and then contacting the raw vent gas with the solution and removing the powder from the powder-containing gas. A purified vent gas that is substantially free from the filler powder is released. The purified vent gas is conveyed into a boiler, and the bitumen vapours are burned. The process prevents the powder from quickly reaching the boiler making the burner and the heat-exchange surfaces ineffective.

Capture of hydrogen sulfide from a gas mixture may be accomplished using an aqueous solution comprising an amine. Certain sterically hindered amines may selectively form a reaction product with hydrogen sulfide under kinetically controlled contacting conditions and afford a light phase and a heavy phase above a critical solution temperature, wherein the hydrogen sulfide may be present in either phase. Upon separation of the light phase from the heavy phase, processing of one of the phases may take place to remove hydrogen sulfide therefrom. Recycling of the amine to an absorber tower may then take place to promote capture of additional hydrogen sulfide.

A hydrophobic MOF-based porous liquid carbon capture absorbent is provided and includes a sterically hindered solvent and a hydrophobic MOFs modified material dispersed in the sterically hindered solvent. A mass percent of the hydrophobic MOFs modified material in the hydrophobic MOF-based porous liquid carbon capture absorbent is 5% to 20%. The hydrophobic MOFs modified material is prepared by a method comprising following steps: dispersing an MOFs material, a surface modifier and a catalyst in an organic solvent, and mixing them evenly, followed by a standing reaction to obtain the hydrophobic MOFs modified material.