The present description provides adsorbent compositions and materials, and systems comprising the same that provide low DBL bleed emission performance. The described materials provide unexpected production advantages as compared to currently available materials.

A method for removing carbon dioxide directly from ambient air, using a sorbent under ambient conditions, to obtain relatively pure CO.sub.2. The CO.sub.2 is removed from the sorbent using process heat, preferably in the form of steam, at a temperature in the range of not greater than about 130° C., to capture the relatively pure CO.sub.2 and to regenerate the sorbent for repeated use. Increased efficiency can be achieved by admixing with the ambient air, prior to contacting the sorbent, a minor amount of a preferably pretreated effluent gas containing a higher concentration of carbon dioxide. The captured carbon dioxide can be stored for further use, or sequestered permanently. The above method provides purified carbon dioxide for further use in agriculture and chemical processes, or for permanent sequestration.

A food-grade, all-natural cold storage anti-bacterial filter is disclosed. The filter may control moisture, gaseous contaminates, mold, and bacteria within a cold storage unit; improve food safety; and improve the life of cold storage equipment. Reduced food spoilage, reduced energy usage, and increased cold storage shelf life may result from use of the filter. The filter includes a mixture of effective amounts of a base mineral, hygroscopic plant botanicals, and anti-bacterial plant botanicals, wherein the mixture is disposed in an FDA-approved food grade material.

Devices, systems and methods for using photosynthetic biomass to purify water, reduce indoor air pollution, remove greenhouse gases including CO.sub.2 from outdoor atmospheric air, and produce biofuel, food products, and fertilizer are provided herein. Also provided herein are systems and methods for enhancing growth of a photosynthetic biomass in a greenhouse.

A subject of the present invention is the use of a compound having the general formula (I): (I) wherein V, W, X.sub.4, X.sub.5, X.sub.6, X.sub.7, X.sub.4, X.sub.5, X.sub.6, X.sub.7, Y, Y, R.sub.3, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.4 are as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11, for the detection, capture and/or separation of polluting gases, in particular those selected from the group comprising carbon dioxide, methane, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, linear hydrocarbons, linear mono-olefins and their mixtures, and preferably carbon dioxide. Another subject of the invention is a compound of formula (I) wherein V, W, X.sub.4, X.sub.5, X.sub.6, X.sub.7, X.sub.4, X.sub.5, X.sub.6, X.sub.7, Y, Y, R.sub.3, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.4 are as defined in any one of claims 12 to 21. ##STR00001##

A process for the treatment of a hydrocracking unit bottoms recycle stream, and preferably the fresh hydrocracker feed to remove heavy poly-nuclear aromatic (HPNA) compounds and HPNA precursors employs, in the alternative, an adsorption step which removes most of the HPNA compounds followed by an ionic liquid extraction step to remove the remaining HPNA compounds, or a first ionic liquid extraction step which removes most of the HPNA compounds followed by an adsorption step to remove the remaining HPNA compounds. Ionic liquids of the general formula Q.sup.+A.sup. are identified for use in the process; organic polar solvents are identified for removal of the HPNA compounds in solution. Suitable adsorbents are identified for use in packed bed or slurry bed columns that operate within specified temperature and pressure ranges.

The challenge of the present invention is to provide a multilayer filter medium whose deodorizing performance after a long-term storage of the filter medium is suppressed from deteriorating and which is superior in deodorizing performance and exhibits low pressure drop. A multilayer filter medium includes three or more nonwoven fabric layers superposed together and has two or more interlayer regions each formed by two adjacent layers of the nonwoven fabric layers, in which a first interlayer region of the interlayer regions contains functional particles A having an average particle diameter of 50 to 100 m, and a second interlayer region selected from the interlayer regions excluding the first interlayer region contains functional particles B having an average particle diameter of 150 to 500 m.

The Phipps indoor air filter (PIAF) is configured for use with an indoor atmosphere that contains one or more pathogenic viruses. The PIAF is a pharmacologically and phytochemically (P&P) active structure that removes the one or more viruses from the confined indoor atmosphere. The PIAF removes the one or more viruses by: a) sequestering the one or more viruses within the PIAF; and, b) terminating the biological processes of the one or more viruses using P&P structures. The PIAF incorporates a flow chamber and a filter structure. The flow chamber contains the filter structure. The flow chamber forces or draws an air flow through the filter structure contained within the flow chamber. The filter structure physically and biochemically: a) sequesters the one or more viruses; and, b) terminates the biological processes of the one or more viruses by exposing the one or more viruses to the P&P structures.

Disclosed in certain embodiments are carbon dioxide sorbents that include porous particles impregnated with an amine compound.

Systems and methods of separating components of a multi-component gas mixture are described herein. The systems include one or more packed bed columns packed with a biosorbent material. Upon passing the multi-component gas mixture through the packed bed column, substantially all of a polar component of the multi-component gas mixture is adsorbed by the biosorbent material and a non-polar component of the multi-component gas mixture is not substantially adsorbed by the biosorbent material.