Porous materials (such as organic polyamine cage compounds) and methods of stabilising porous materials which are otherwise prone to pore-collapse are described. Such stabilisation is accomplished through the use of molecular ties to create bridges between reactive groups of a (potentially) porous material to thereby strengthen and stabilise the porous structure. The chemistry involved in, and the results of, the stabilisation of porous materials to provide a new sorption composition comprising the very materials which are generally prone to pore-collapse are also described.

A method for capturing carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) from an effluent gas using a rice-derived product can include providing a rice-derived product, adjusting a pH of the rice-derived product; and contacting the effluent gas with the rice-derived product to capture the carbon dioxide from the effluent gas mixture in the rice-derived product. In an embodiment, the rice-derived product includes puffed rice grains. In an embodiment, the rice-derived product includes a rice cake. In an embodiment, the rice-derived product is loaded into a gas contact device prior to contacting withe the effluent gas.

A process for converting post-explosion gases of an inhabitable level, low-oxygen ambient environment to a breathable mixture for human consumption comprises receiving a flow of post-explosion gas with oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, and methane. The oxygen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide are removed from the from the flow of post-explosion gas to create both a mixture including oxygen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide; and a residual stream including nitrogen and methane. The oxygen is removed from the mixture of oxygen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, and concentrated in a primary oxygen storage canister. The nitrogen is removed from the residual stream and stored in a nitrogen storage canister separate from the oxygen storage canister. The methane is vented back to the inhabitable level, low-oxygen ambient environment. The stored oxygen and nitrogen are metered through a breathing mask at a habitable level of 19-21% oxygen to a user.

An aminated siliceous adsorbent, which is the reaction product of dried acidified rice husk ash having disordered mesopores and an amino silane, wherein amine functional groups are present on an external surface and within the mesopores of the dried acidified rice husk ash, and wherein the aminated siliceous adsorbent has a carbon content of 24 to 30 wt. %, based on a total weight of the aminated siliceous adsorbent. A method of making the aminated siliceous adsorbent and a method of capturing CO.sub.2 from a gas mixture with the aminated siliceous adsorbent.

A method for manufacturing a carbon dioxide adsorbent includes preparing an amine aqueous solution having an amine compound concentration ranging from 5% to 70% inclusive and a temperature ranging from 10° C. to 100° C. inclusive, impregnating silica gel with the amine aqueous solution, and aeration-drying the silica gel carrying the amine compound. The silica gel has a particle size ranging from 1 mm to 5 mm inclusive, an average pore diameter ranging from 10 nm to 100 nm inclusive, and a pore volume ranging from 0.1 cm.sup.3/g to 1.3 cm.sup.3/g inclusive.

An excrement treatment material includes a plurality of granules that absorb excrement. Each granule includes a granular core portion, and a coating portion. The core portion has a circular cross-section, and has a function of absorbing and retaining the excrement. The coating portion coats the core portion. The coating portion has a function of causing the plurality of granules, which have absorbed the excrement, to adhere to each other. In a cross-section of each granule that is in the same plane as the cross-section of the core portion, a thickness of the coating portion on one side of the core portion is smaller than a thickness of the coating portion on another side of the core portion.

Sorptive gas separation processes employing chemisorbents or amine doped sorbents are provided for separating a first component from a multi-component fluid mixture, or specifically for separating carbon dioxide from a combustion gas stream. The sorptive gas separation process comprises a sorbing step where during a first period of the sorbing step a first portion of a first product stream is recovered comprising a second component such as a nitrogen component, and during a second period of the sorbing step a second portion of a first product stream is recovered comprising a third component such as a water component.

A bio-based material including a nanocellulose treated with low-temperature plasma, wherein the bio-based material is capable of sequestering carbon dioxide from an ambient atmosphere. A method is also disclosed.

A packed bed for a heat exchanger may comprise a frame and a first fin layer disposed within the frame. A second fin layer may be disposed within the frame. A first perforated sheet may be disposed between the first fin layer and the second fin layer. A sorbent material may be disposed within a volume of at least one of the first fin layer or the second fin layer.

Steric effects on amine sites beta to amide or ester functional groups are utilized to result in a family of CO.sub.2 solvents with an unprecedented hybridization of chemisorption and physisorption properties. These versatile solvents provide very high CO.sub.2 working capacities in applications typically involved with physical solvents such as Selexol, Genosorb, Fluor Solvent, Purisol, and Rectisol with the added benefit of operation near ambient conditions without the need for solvent chilling along with the potential for high pressure recovery of CO.sub.2. The non-aqueous BAC solvents can also be tailored for low partial pressure CO.sub.2 removal as required in such applications as biogas/landfill gas upgrading and CO.sub.2 removal from industrial processes such as cement and steel manufacturing where they benefit from lower energy requirements for regeneration compared to tradition aqueous amine solution, regeneration under 1 bar CO.sub.2 without steam stripping, reduced corrosion potential, reduced solvent loss, reduced environmental impact, higher volumetric CO.sub.2 uptake compared to standard commercialized processes involving physical solvents, and operation at ambient pressure without the need for feed gas compression.