An activated carbon manufacturing method may include preparing activated carbon precursors, carbonizing the activated carbon precursors by performing a heat treatment on the activated carbon precursors, equalizing the activated carbon precursors carbonized, in the carbonizing, by grinding the activated carbon precursors, activating the activated carbon precursors by inserting an oxidizing agent and distilled water into the equalized activated carbon precursors and performing a heat treatment on the activated carbon precursors, and introducing metal oxide particles into the activated carbon precursors by mixing the activated precursors, a metal salt, and a reducing agent in a solvent to perform reaction on the activated carbon precursors.

There is provided an absorbent for decreasing the leakage of halogen compound gases in subsequent processes, at high temperatures and in the presence of high concentrations of water vapor in the process of heating and gasifying a fuel, such as coal, to produce a synthesis gas.

The adsorbent includes a halogen compound absorbent containing 30 to 90% by mass of a basic calcium compound and 10 to 70% by mass of a metal compound other than basic calcium compounds and/or of a clay mineral. A method for producing synthesis gas using the absorbent is also disclosed.

A reactor system for conducting an adsorption/desorption swing process comprising of at least o adsorption reactor; at least one desorption reactor and means for transporting a particulate adsorbent material between the at least one adsorption reactor and the at least one desorption reactor.

The process of the present invention provides high recovery and low capital cost giving it an economic advantage over previously known purification processes. The present process has particular applicability to the purification of synthesis gases comprising at least hydrogen (H.sub.2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH.sub.4), CO.sub.2, and H.sub.2O to obtain a gas stream including at least H.sub.2, CO, and CH.sub.4, that is substantially free of H.sub.2O and CO.sub.2. The process also has applicability to the purification of natural gases inclusive of at least CH.sub.4, N.sub.2, CO.sub.2, and H.sub.2O to produce a gas stream including at least CH.sub.4 and N.sub.2, but which is substantially free of H.sub.2O and CO.sub.2.

The present invention relates to systems and methods for conrolling the atmosphere in the cabin (1) of a vehicle. The system comprises a carbon dioxide removal conduit (2) comprising a regenerable carbon dioxide removal chamber (5,6) containing a carbon dioxide sorbent material and a regeneration circuit (7) arranged to expel the desorbed carbon diocide at a location exterior (8) of the cabin (1) The system is operable to maintain a carbon dioxide level below 1000 ppm in the passenger cabin for a period of at least 5 minutes while restricting the flow of air from outside the vehicle into the passenger cabin to 10 L/s or less.

An integrated device for removal of both liquid-containing droplets and pollutants from a gas stream includes a plurality of passageways and a plurality of exposed surface portions, different ones of the surface portions disposed along different ones of the plurality of passageways. The plurality of passageways include an inlet and an outlet for the flow of a gas stream therethrough, wherein each passageway includes at least one segment configured to perturb the flow of at least a portion of the gas stream between the inlet and the outlet. Such gas perturbation enhances gas stream contact with the exposed surfaces. Portions of the exposed surfaces comprise a sorbent-polymer-composite material adapted for contact conversion of sulfur oxides to sulfuric acid droplets. The exposed surfaces are disposed to enhance the removal of liquid-containing droplets and contact conversion of sulfur oxides to sulfuric acid droplets.

A gas concentration apparatus and a method of operating the gas concentration apparatus are provided. The gas concentration apparatus includes a gas concentration module. The gas concentration module includes a base component having a chamber configured to accommodate carbon foam, a gas inlet connected to one side of the chamber, a gas outlet connected to the other side of the chamber, and a heating device disposed on at least one side of the substrate.

Adsorbent materials comprising a core, for example CHA, and at least one coating, for example DDR, are provided herein. Adsorbent contactors and gas separation processes using the adsorbent materials are also provided herein.

A filter medium is provided with a layer (A) provided with non-impregnated active carbon, a layer (B) with a solid carrier material that is impregnated with a permanganate salt, and a layer (C) with alkaline impregnated active carbon. The layer (B) and the layer (C) are arranged such that a gas flowing through the filter medium flows through the layer (B) before flowing through the layer (C). The layer (A) is arranged such that the gas flowing through the filter medium flows through the layer (A) before flowing through the layer (B) or the gas flowing through the filter medium flows through the layer (A) after flowing through the layer (C).

A hydrocarbon (HC) trap positioned in an intake conduit of an engine is provided. The HC trap includes a stack of consecutively layered polymeric sheets with at least a portion of the sheets impregnated with a HC vapor adsorption/desorption material, the stack of sheets extending from a first exterior surface to a second exterior surface.