The application provides an oxide layer material capable of adsorbing and degrading methane gas, which is obtained by a method comprising the steps of: 1) subjecting a cracked household refuse to aerobic biological pretreatment; 2) subjecting the material which has been subjected to the aerobic biological pretreatment to biological stabilizing treatment; and 3) adding copper chloride, potassium sulfate, magnesium oxide, and a composite bacterial agent for oxidizing methane gas to the material which has been subjected to the biological stabilizing treatment to obtain the oxide layer material capable of adsorbing and degrading methane gas. This disclosure further discloses a method for preparing the oxide layer material capable of adsorbing and degrading methane gas described above.

A carbonic acid gas absorbing material on an embodiment includes a liquid carbonic acid gas absorbent and a solid carbonic acid gas absorbent. The liquid carbonic acid gas absorbent is a solution containing a first amine and a solvent. The solid carbonic acid gas absorbent is a second amine of any one among a polyamine, a base material and an amine fixed to the base material, or a polyamine, a base material, and an amine fixed to the base material.

Provided are mixed metal oxy-hydroxides that serve as reactive media to bind, sequester, or alter one or more toxic chemicals such as sulfur dioxide (SO.sub.2), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and others. A reactive media includes: a porous metal oxy-hydroxide including at least one first transition metal that is optionally one or more of copper, zinc, or iron; a second transition metal linked to the first transition metal by a bond that includes an oxygen, the second transition metal selected optionally being one or more of magnesium, calcium, cobalt, titanium, zirconium, aluminum, and silicon; and the metal oxy-hydroxide terminated by at least one hydroxyl group. The resulting media provides for excellent porosity and reactivity for removal of toxic chemicals from the environment or a sample.

The present invention generally relates to CO.sub.2-adsorbing, graphene-containing nanocomposites, methods of making the same, and methods of using the same.

A gel particle film of amino group-having polymer compound particles has a large acid gas absorption amount and desorption amount per unit volume, and has a high acid gas absorption rate and desorption rate per unit mass, and further has high stability. A gas absorber having the gel particle film supported on a carrier is useful as an acid gas separation material having good energy efficiency.

A vapor separator in an embodiment is arranged between a first space and a second space, and is used to allow vapor existing in the first space to permeate in the second space by making a vapor pressure in the second space lower than a vapor pressure in the first space. The vapor separator in the embodiment includes: a porous body including a first face in contact with the first space and having a convexo-concave structure, a second face in contact with the second space, and fine pores passing to the second face from at least wall of the first face which constitutes the convexo-concave structure; and water existing in the fine pores of the porous body.

Supported amine polymer adsorbents based on polymers containing only or primarily primary amines sites are to be used as regenerable adsorbents for CO.sub.2 capture from ultra-dilute gas streams, such as ambient air, or from mixtures of gases containing preferably at least 10% oxygen. and can also be useful for use at the moderate gas pressures found in typical post-combustion capture processes, such as flue gas from large point sources such as coal-fired power plants. Preferred supported solid amine adsorbents of this invention are based on poly(allylamine) (“PAA”) and poly(vinyl amine) (“PVAm”), both of which are linear polymers, and their derivatives, containing substantially all primary amine groups, supported on substrates. Preferred such substrates include silica mesocellular foam (MCF) and mesoporous-.gamma.-alumina, as well on mesoporous-.gamma.-alumina coated throughout the pores of MCF, most preferably of monolithic structure. Preferred derivatives include the guanidinylated and cross-linked poly(allylamine) materials.

A carbon dioxide adsorbent including silica gel and an amine compound carried by the silica gel. The silica gel has a spherical shape, a particle size ranging from 1 mm to 5 mm inclusive, an average pore diameter ranging from 10 nm to 100 nm inclusive, a pore volume ranging from 0.1 cm.sup.3/g to 1.3 cm.sup.3/g inclusive, and a waterproof property N that is defined by an expression (1) and that is not lower than 45%,

N=(W/W.sub.0)×100  (1) where N is the waterproof property in percentage (%) of the silica gel, W.sub.0 is a total number of particles of the silica gel immersed in water, W is a number of particles of the silica gel not subjected to breakage out of W.sub.0.

A promoted activated carbon sorbent is described that is highly effective for the removal of mercury from flue gas streams. The sorbent comprises a new modified carbon form containing reactive forms of halogen and halides. Optional components may be added to increase reactivity and mercury capacity. These may be added directly with the sorbent, or to the flue gas to enhance sorbent performance and/or mercury capture. Mercury removal efficiencies obtained exceed conventional methods. The sorbent can be regenerated and reused. Sorbent treatment and preparation methods are also described. New methods for in-flight preparation, introduction, and control of the active sorbent into the mercury contaminated gas stream are described.

Adsorbent layer for adsorbing a fluid, comprising at least two adjacent modules of structured adsorbent, arranged in parallel in the direction of circulation of the fluid, characterized in that at least one of the two facing surfaces of the two adjacent modules is an adsorbent surface.