Various embodiments disclosed relate to extraction of target materials using a CZTS sorbent. A method of extracting a target material from a medium includes contacting a copper zinc tin sulfur (CZTS) sorbent with the target material in the medium including the target material to form a used CZTS sorbent that includes the target material.

New formulation for pyrite scale removal from oil and gas wells and a method of pyrite scale removal are disclosed. The chemical formulation is composed of K.sub.2B.sub.4O.sub.7-4H.sub.2O, in a concentration of about 9-20 wt. % of the composition, preferably about 14 wt. % of the composition. The new formulation has the ability to dissolve pyrite without generation of the toxic H.sub.2S. Furthermore, the new formulation is cheaper and has very low corrosion rate compare to 15 wt. % HCl with corrosion inhibitor. The disclose method uses the disclosed new formulation to dissolve iron sulphide scale, performed at about 100-150 C. and about 500-2000 psi.

The invention relates to the use of an uncoated cross-linked non-pyrolysed selective vinyl based halopolymer-membrane with a mwco of between 100 and 1000 Da, in the filtration of compounds from liquids comprising organic solvents and/or from liquids with a pH below 2 or above 12.

Calcium hydroxide-containing compositions can be manufactured by slaking quicklime, and subsequently drying and milling the slaked product. The resulting calcium hydroxide-containing composition can have a size, steepness, pore volume, and/or other features that render the compositions suitable for treatment of exhaust gases and/or removal of contaminants. In some embodiments, the calcium hydroxide-containing compositions can include a D.sub.10 from about 0.5 microns to about 4 microns, a D.sub.90 less than about 30 microns, and a ratio of D.sub.90 to D.sub.10 less than 20, wherein individual particles include a surface area greater than or equal to about 25 m.sup.2/g.

A metal adsorption agent including a chelating agent (A) and a chelating agent (B), wherein the chelating agent (A) is a metal adsorption agent containing a carrier having a glucamine-type functional group, and the chelating agent (B) is a metal adsorption agent containing a carrier having a thiol group, a thiourea group, an amino group, a triazabicyclodecene-inducing group, a thiouronium group, an imidazole group, a sulfonate group, a hydroxy group, an aminoacetate group, an amidoxime group, an aminophosphate group, or any combination of these groups. The carrier of each of the chelating agent (A) and the chelating agent (B) may be silica, a silica component-containing substance, polystyrene, or crosslinked porous polystyrene. The solution may contain water or an organic solvent.

The present invention relates to a method of concentrating an aqueous solution by low pressure under a zero osmotic pressure difference condition, and more particularly to a method of concentrating a solute-containing aqueous solution by low pressure under a zero osmotic pressure difference condition. When the method of the present invention is used, there are advantages in that energy consumption is low, and an aqueous solution can be concentrated until it can reach the maximum solute concentration or a solute concentration of 100%, without having to use an extraction solvent. In addition, there is an advantage in that the need to use a separate osmotic pressure draw solution is eliminated.

Disclosed is a purification method for removing a metal component from a fluorine compound gas containing hydrogen fluoride and a metal component. This method includes a removing step for removing the hydrogen fluoride and the metal component therefrom by bringing the fluorine compound gas into contact with a solid metal fluoride to adsorb the hydrogen fluoride and the metal component on the metal fluoride. It is preferable for the fluorine compound gas to contain at least one kind selected from the group consisting of CIF, CIF.sub.3, IF.sub.5, IF.sub.7, BrF.sub.3, BrF.sub.5, NF.sub.3, WF.sub.6, SiF.sub.4, CF.sub.4, SF.sub.6 and BF.sub.3. It is also preferable for the metal fluoride to be an alkali metal fluoride or an alkali earth metal fluoride. Surprisingly, the presence of hydrogen fluoride in a fluorine compound gas makes it possible to remove a metal component therefrom as an impurity as a result of adsorption thereof by a metal fluoride.

Improved methods and compositions for refining molybdenum mineral are provided, in particular for isolating a substance containing molybdenum which comprises contacting the substance containing molybdenum with a composition comprising a M13 phage. The M13 phage provides selectivity and recovery of the substance containing molybdenum.

Compositions and methods for the selective sequestration of metal ions are generally described.

Methods for treating an industrial byproduct, such as spent, granular, activated carbon, dredge spoils, or contaminated soils involve integrated steps to clean, concentrate, separate and/or otherwise collect hazardous and/or desired materials from such industrial byproducts. The cleaned, concentrated, separated, or collected materials may involve sufficient quantities to be useful to subsequent processors, raw materials, additives, and the like. Other treatment methods involve retaining the clean material stream at sufficient temperatures for sufficient time to separate and concentrate desired material for recovery therefrom, such as precious metals and rare earth elements.