The novel sorbents for capturing acid and greenhouse gases converts red mud into a sorbent material that can be used to remove acid and greenhouse gases, utilizing a series of chemical reactions. The first set of reactions entail sorption of the acid/greenhouse gases and subsequent neutralization by the alkali content of the red mud. The salts generated by the neutralization reactions decompose to release the acid gases which are immediately converted to environmentally benign elemental products (N2, O2, S) by thermo-catalytic reactions. In a different set of reactions, the alkaline earth oxides (CaO and MgO) present in the sorbent capture the acid/greenhouse gases and convert them to nitrate, nitrite, carbonate and sulfite salts. The salts (beside carbonate) decompose to yield the acid gases which are converted to elemental products by thermo-catalytic reactions. The loaded sorbents are thermally regenerated to the oxide forms for re-capturing the gases.

The present invention provides a waste-liquid processing device, comprising: a first processing device and a mixing device, wherein the first processing device is provided with a first purifying unit for processing waste liquid from a waste liquid source to produce a purified liquid. The mixing device is used for mixing the purified liquid with a chlorine dioxide solution. The present invention also provides an air-pollution treatment device, comprising the waste-liquid processing device and a gas processing device. The gas processing device comprises an air extracting unit, a gas purifying unit, a gas-liquid separation unit, and an exhausting unit.

Air filters formed from mats of protein-containing nanowires are provided. The nanowires are formed into a mat with pores that allow air to pass through while physically filtering particulate matter. The protein in the protein-containing nanowires also serves to chemically filter polluted air passed through the filter. Specifically, chemical functional groups from the many amino acids that comprise the protein of the protein-containing nanowire react with certain chemical pollutants (e.g., carbon monoxide and formaldehyde) in order to capture or otherwise neutralize the pollutant. Accordingly, the single nanofiber mat performs two filtering functions. Methods of filtering air using the provided air filters are also disclosed, as well as methods for making the air filters from protein-containing nanofibers.

Sorbent compositions, comprising a solid sorbent, a dispersive agent, and optionally a capture agent for enhanced wet-Flue Gas Desulfurization (wFGD) or wet scrubber unit function in a flue gas pollutant control stream is disclosed. The sorbent composition may include a sorbent with a dispersive agent, designed to enhance the dispersion of the sorbent in an aqueous sorption liquid of a wet scrubber unit, and therefore may be especially useful in EGU or industrial boiler flue gas streams that include one or more wet scrubber units. The sorbent composition may also include a capture agent useful in sequestering mercury and bromine, as well as other contaminants that may include arsenic, selenium and nitrates.

A process and a device for treating a flow of furnace gas with a pressure of more than 1 bar flowing through a channel. A powder agent, such as a powder comprising alkali reagents, such as lime, and/or absorbents, such as activated coal, is injected under an overpressure into the furnace gas flow via an injector which is positioned centrally within the channel. The powder agent may be fluidized. The pressure for injecting the powder may be adjusted by controlling the volume of fluidization gas vented via a venting outlet.

A method of utilizing humic acid to prepare layered humic acid/manganese oxide composite catalyst and its application, the method includes the steps of: adding sodium hypochlorite, manganese salt and humic acid to a water source, stirring and mixing; then introducing into a filter device having a filter material of manganese and a support medium, and generating a layered humic acid/manganese oxide composite catalyst on a surface of the filter material while directing a continuous water flow of the water source into the filter device with a short empty bed contact time for a short time. The catalyst can be used to effectively remove manganese to maintain an effluent with a Mn.sup.2+ concentration of not more than 20 ?g/L and to effectively remove heavy metals such as iron, manganese, arsenic, thallium, molybdenum or lead from the water source under neutral, acidic or alkaline conditions with a removal rate of 95% more.

Disclosed is a process stop loss reduction system, in which in case that pressure in a trapping apparatus and pressure in a process chamber are increased because of space clogging or the like caused by reaction by-products while the trapping apparatus for trapping of a reaction by-product contained in exhaust gas discharged from the process chamber operates over a long period of time during a semiconductor process, only the trapping apparatus, to which a supply of exhaust gas is cut off, may be quickly replaced while inert gas is received in an idle state and continuously supplied to a vacuum pump through a bypass pipe of the trapping apparatus without stopping an operation of (shutting down) a semiconductor manufacturing process chamber facility, and then the trapping apparatus may be supplied with the exhaust gas again.

An emissions control system including a fluidized bed apparatus containing a reactive sorbent material is disclosed for gaseous and non-gaseous contaminated emissions. The reactive sorbent material may be CZTS, CZTS-Alloy, or a carbon-based sorbent material. The fluidized bed apparatus is configured with one or more closed loop sorbent recycling subsystems. The sorbent recycling subsystems include the capability to separate sorbents from each other, separate contaminates from sorbents for disposal and/or recycling, clean and/or rejuvenate sorbents for return to the fluidized bed apparatus, dispose of spent and exhausted sorbents, and replace the spent and exhausted sorbents with new sorbent to maintain consistent sorbent function in the fluidized bed apparatus. Monitoring sensors provide information useful in a method for establishing and maintaining consistent process parameter controls.

Calcium hydroxide-containing compositions can be manufactured by slaking quicklime, and subsequently drying and milling the slaked product. The resulting calcium hydroxide-containing composition can have a size, steepness, pore volume, and/or other features that render the compositions suitable for treatment of exhaust gases and/or removal of contaminants. In some embodiments, the calcium hydroxide-containing compositions can include a D.sub.10 from about 0.5 microns to about 4 microns, a D.sub.90 less than about 30 microns, and a ratio of D.sub.90 to D.sub.10 from about 8 to about 20, wherein individual particles include a surface area greater than or equal to about 25 m.sup.2/g.

The invention relates to the proppants and proppant substrates treated with active compounds that reduce the presence of contaminants in fluids, methods of using those materials, as well as methods of making those materials. The invention further provides that the contaminated fluids are associated with wells, including oil and gas wells.