A method for selective oxidation of a substrate. The substrate is disposed in a chamber. A hydrogen containing gas is introduced to the chamber. The hydrogen containing gas is directed through a filter to the chamber. The filter is configured to filter particles greater than about 1 nm. The chamber is pressurized to a pressure of about 250 Torr to about 800 Torr while maintaining the hydrogen containing gas in the chamber. The chamber is heated to a predetermined temperature for a predetermined period of time while maintaining the hydrogen containing gas in the chamber. The substrate is selectively oxidized.

Described herein are examples of protective insulative enclosures which include a housing, comprising a sleeve, and a strap. The sleeve may be configured to envelop a filter, enclosing the filter. The sleeve comprises an insulated material. The strap may be coupled to the sleeve and is configured to prevent inadvertent dislodgment of the sleeve from the filter. The strap may be further configured to securely fasten the protective insulative enclosure to a vehicle body by attaching it to a specific part of the vehicle body.

The present invention provides a method for recycling lithium batteries, including the following steps: Step 1, pretreating the lithium batteries, so as to obtain a mixture, the mixture includes positive electrodes of batteries, negative electrodes of batteries, and electrolyte; Step 2, performing oxygen-free pyrolysis on the mixture, at a pyrolysis temperature of 400-600 C.; Step 3, using a gas-solid filtration device to separate gas products from the pyrolysis, wherein anti-corrosion material(s) is (are) used to form filter element of the gas-solid filtration device; Step 4, taking out solid products from the pyrolysis, so as to recycle metal elements; the metal elements include but are not limited to one or more selected from the following: lithium, aluminum, copper, iron, nickel, cobalt, manganese.

An autothermal process of concentric bubbling fluid double bed for the production of syngas by gasification with biomass steam, in the presence of a granular material includes: continuous gasification under stationary bed condition of said granular material in bubbling fluidisation regime of biomass with water vapour with thermochemical transformation of the fuel into raw syngas and char, the raw syngas including heavy hydrocarbons in the steam state and any harmful compounds in traces, in a first reaction volume; combustion in bubbling fluidised bed with air of the char and of auxiliary fuel in a second reaction volume; the transfer velocity of the granular material between the first and second reaction volumes being such that the thermal difference does not exceed 20 C.; separation from the raw syngas by hot filters; and elimination of any harmful compounds in traces.

A process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from a solid feedstock includes feeding the solid feedstock and hydrogen to a first stage hydropyrolysis reactor having one or more deoxygenation catalyst, and the solid feedstock includes biomass, waste plastic, or a combination thereof. The process also includes hydropyrolysing the solid feedstock in the first stage hydropyrolysis reactor to generate a process gas stream having partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product, H.sub.2O, H.sub.2, CO.sub.2, CO, C.sub.1-C.sub.3 gases, and char and catalyst fines and feeding the process gas stream to a solid separation system having a hot gas filtration unit having a plurality of filter elements that may separate the char and catalyst fines from the process gas to generate a vapour phase product and a dust filter cake.

A method and a filter device for the dry filtration of a gas flow carrying foreign objects in a filter device for purifying waste gas produced in additive manufacturing technologies, conducting a raw gas flow containing foreign objects into a raw gas space of a filter unit having at least one filter surface separating a raw gas side from a clean gas side, feeding oxidant to a reaction region located on the raw gas side of the filter surface downstream of the filter surface, such that foreign objects contained in material cleaned off from the filter surface and/or in the raw gas flow react with the oxidant in the reaction region to form foreign objects containing oxides.

A reactor for producing a carbide-derived carbon by reacting a halogen gas with a metallic carbide material, the reactor comprising a reaction chamber and a filter arrangement configured for and discharging gas and having at least one filtration element that is configured for performing gas-solid separation. During operation of the reactor, the reaction chamber has a reaction zone with temperatures above 600 C., and the filtration element is configured to allow gas-solid separation within the reaction zone.

A method and a filter device for the dry filtration of a gas flow carrying foreign objects in a filter device for purifying waste gas produced in additive manufacturing technologies, conducting a raw gas flow containing foreign objects into a raw gas space of a filter unit having at least one filter surface separating a raw gas side from a clean gas side, feeding oxidant to a reaction region located on the raw gas side of the filter surface downstream of the filter surface, such that foreign objects contained in material cleaned off from the filter surface and/or in the raw gas flow react with the oxidant in the reaction region to form foreign objects containing oxides.