A water filtration system (100) includes a filter cartridge assembly (10), a water-inlet conduit (20), a purified-water conduit (30), a pure-water conduit (40) and a waste-discharge conduit (50). The filter cartridge assembly (10) has a water inlet (110), a purified-water outlet (120) and a purified-water outlet (140). The water-inlet conduit (20) is in communication with the water inlet (110). The pure-water conduit (40) is in communication with the pure-water outlet (140). The purified-water conduit (30) is in communication with the purified-water outlet (120) and has a first valve body (320) configured to control on and off of the purified-water conduit (30). The waste-discharge conduit (50) is in communication with the purified-water conduit (30).

The present invention relates generally to processes for converting fructose-containing feedstocks to a product comprising 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) and water in the presence of water, solvent and an acid catalyst. In some embodiments, the conversion of fructose to HMF is controlled at a partial conversion endpoint characterized by a yield of HMF from fructose that does not exceed about 80 mol %. In these and other embodiments, the processes provide separation techniques for separating and recovering the product, unconverted fructose, solvent and acid catalyst to enable the effective recovery and reutilization of reaction components.

An air intake system for directing intake air to an internal combustion engine of a machine is disclosed. The air intake system may comprise an air compressor configured to increase a pressure of the intake air, and a membrane unit downstream of the air compressor and having a membrane with selectivity for siloxanes. The membrane may have a first side and a second side, and the first side may be exposed to a higher pressure than the second side when the air compressor is operating. The membrane may be configured to separate the intake air into a permeate that traverses the membrane from the first side to the second side, and a retenate that remains on the first side. The permeate may have a higher siloxane content than the retenate. The retenate may be directed to the internal combustion engine for combustion.

Provided are metal oxide ceramic materials and intermediate materials thereof (e.g., nanozirconia gels, nanozirconia green bodies, pre-sintered ceramic bodies, zirconia dental ceramic materials, and dental articles). The nanozirconia gels are formable gels. Also provided are methods of making and using the metal oxide materials and intermediate materials. The nanozirconia gels can be made using, for example, osmotic processing. The nanozirconia gels can be used to make nanozirconia green bodies, pre-sintered ceramic bodies, zirconia dental ceramic materials, and dental article. The nanozirconia green bodies, pre-sintered ceramic bodies, zirconia dental ceramic materials, and dental articles have desirable properties (e.g., optical properties and mechanical properties).

A method for detecting albumin based on a colorimetric assay and a system thereof are disclosed. Gold nanoparticles are added into the sample preparing device having a sample without spectroscopic tags, wherein the sample without spectroscopic tags is formed as the alkaline solution to avoid the interference substances adhering on the gold nanoparticles. The gold nanoparticles are concentrated by using the microfluidic concentrator with the circular ion exchange membrane by applying an external electric field across two electrodes. The image of the concentrated gold nanoparticles is captured by the image capturing device for measuring the saturation intensities of the image, wherein there is a relation between the saturation intensities and the concentration of the albumin in the sample without spectroscopic tags. The concentration of the albumin of the sample without spectroscopic tags is obtained by the relation and the measured saturation intensities.

Systems and methods to remove carbon from liquids such as seawater and other natural waters are described. The systems and methods utilize photoactive compounds to alter the pH of a fluid, drawing carbon out of the liquid and channeling it into a secondary environment. The carbon can be captured and sequestered or used in the formation of a product.

The present invention generally provides a process for treating a soapstock. The present invention more particularly provides systems and methods for treating a soapstock to generate free fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives, e.g. fatty acid alkyl esters. The present invention more particularly provides systems and methods for realizing the full fatty acid yield of a soapstock by first converting substantially all of the saponifiable material in a soapstock to salts of fatty acids (soaps) and acidulating the soaps to generate free fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives, e.g. fatty acid alkyl esters, wherein the soapstock comprises soaps and saponifiable lipids, e.g. glycerides and/or phospholipids, and the generating of free fatty acids and/or fatty acid is achieved without the use of a mineral acid.

The present disclosure provides a circCDK13-enriched engineered small extracellular vesicle (E-sEV), and a preparation method and use thereof, and belongs to the technical field of biomedicine. The present disclosure provides a preparation method of the circCDK13-enriched E-sEV. In the present disclosure, human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hP-MSCs) are infected with a vector overexpressing circCDK13, and a resulting cell supernatant is collected to obtain a small extracellular vesicle (sEV) overexpressing the circCDK13, which is used for wound healing in diabetes mellitus (DM). The E-sEV shows a therapeutic effect on DM wounds that is significantly better than that of natural small extracellular vesicles (N-sEVs) secreted by the hP-MSCs. This product not only exhibits advantages in healing speed, but also has a greater application potential in stimulating skin appendage regeneration and improving the quality of wound healing.

This application relates to a sweetening composition and a preparation method and use thereof. The method includes steps of obtaining mesophyll fragments of Rubus suavissimus S. Lee, extracting with water as a solvent, removing phenolic hydroxyl-containing components, concentrating, purifying, and water-phase crystallization to obtain a sweetening composition. The sweetening composition is white in color, with unobvious bitterness astringent taste. The sweetening composition contains 50% to 99% of Rubusoside based on a dry weight, and has an absorbance of less than 0.4 at a wavelength of 270 to 370 nm after being dissolved and prepared into an aqueous solution (with a solid content of 1%, w/w). By removing bitter glycosides and phenolic hydroxyl-containing components, this application makes the flavor of the sweetening composition better. In the preparation process of the sweetening composition of the this application, only purified water is used and no organic solvents are used.

Proposed are an aqueous two-phase system nanofilter capable of effectively separating particles having different sizes within a short time, and a separation method using same. The aqueous two-phase system nanofilter can separate mixed nanoparticles having a size difference of approximately 10 nm, through the designing of a composition constituting each composition. The separated nanoparticles can be applied across industries such as electronics, photoelectronics and magnetic fields, biomedical, medical and cosmetic fields, energy, catalysts, and structures.