A method for extracting and purifying Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides comprises following steps: (1) fully disperse Dendrobium officinale powder in pure water to obtain crude liquid; (2) removing insoluble impurities from the crude liquid through a microfiltration membrane to obtain permeate 1 and retentate 1; (3) performing macroporous ultrafiltration treatment of the permeate 1 and collect permeate 2 and retentate 2; (4) adding an aqueous solution of edible alkali metal inorganic salt to the retentate 2, fully stirring and dissolving to obtain polysaccharide crude liquid, performing macroporous ultrafiltration treatment and collecting permeate 3 and retentate 3; (5) combining the permeate 2 and permeate 3, adding the combined permeate into an electrodialysis device for desalination, and collecting dilute solution and concentrated solution; (6) performing microporous ultrafiltration treatment of the dilute solution and collect retentate 4 and permeate 4; (7) carrying out freeze-drying of the retentate 4 to obtain Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides.

A high recovery variable volume reverse osmosis system where the volume of concentrate cycled through the RO system is reduced in response to recovery levels increasing. By reducing the volume of concentrate cycled through the RO system, this reduces the cycle time of highly saturated concentrate passing through the RO system. Reducing the cycle time of concentrate passing through the RO system tends to minimize or reduce membrane scaling.

A method, system and composition is described for treating waste generated from manufacturing operations including at least one of Printed Circuit Boards Fabrication (PCB FAB), General Metal Finishing (GMF), semiconductors manufacturing, chemical milling, and Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD). The method, system and composition are used to create zero liquid discharge recycling.

A system for cleaning feed water of variable quality, the system comprising an inlet for selectively delivering feed water to one or other of at least two feed chambers, each feed chamber having a delivery pipe for delivering feed water to a reverse osmosis or nanofiltration; a pump to deliver the feed water from one of the chambers through its associated delivery pipe to the reverse osmosis or nanofiltration to create a concentrated feed stream and a product water stream; return pipes for selectively returning the concentrated feed stream to one or other of the at least two feed chambers; a product water outlet for removal of the product water; and means for switching the delivery of the concentrated feed stream between the selectable return pipes upon detection of a predetermined reduction in efficiency within one or another of the feed chambers.

A system for cleaning feed water of variable quality, the system comprising an inlet for selectively delivering feed water to one or other of at least two feed chambers, each feed chamber having a delivery pipe for delivering feed water to a reverse osmosis or nanofiltration; a pump to deliver the feed water from one of the chambers through its associated delivery pipe to the reverse osmosis or nanofiltration to create a concentrated feed stream and a product water stream; return pipes for selectively returning the concentrated feed stream to one or other of the at least two feed chambers; a product water outlet for removal of the product water; and means for switching the delivery of the concentrated feed stream between the selectable return pipes upon detection of a predetermined reduction in efficiency within one or another of the feed chambers.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an aqueous solution comprising at least one earth alkali hydrogen carbonate, a process for the mineralization and/or stabilization of water as well as the use of the aqueous solution comprising at least one earth alkali hydrogen carbonate obtained by the process for the mineralization and/or stabilization of water.

The disclosure generally relates to methods and apparatus for the efficient quantitative recovery of valuable biological fluids from filtration systems, more particularly to efficient quantitative recovery of valuable biological fluids from high precision separation systems suitable for use in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.

The disclosure generally relates to methods and apparatus for the efficient quantitative recovery of valuable biological fluids from filtration systems, more particularly to efficient quantitative recovery of valuable biological fluids from high precision separation systems suitable for use in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.

The invention relates to osmotically driven membrane processes and systems and methods for recovering draw solutes in the osmotically driven membrane processes. Osmotically driven membrane processes involve the extraction of a solvent from a first solution by using a second concentrated solution to draw the solvent from the first solution across a semi-permeable membrane. Draw solute recovery may be carried out by various means to recover and recycle draw solutes contained within a diluted second solution and obtain a product solvent.

A system for cleaning feed water of variable quality, the system comprising an inlet for selectively delivering feed water (FW) to one or other of at least two feed chambers (2,4), each feed chamber having a delivery pipe (2i, 4i) for delivering feed water to a reverse osmosis or nanofiltration (8); a pump (6) to deliver the feed water from one of the chambers (2, 4) through its associated delivery pipe (2i, 4i) to the reverse osmosis or nanofiltration (8) to create a concentrated feed stream and a product water stream (PW); return pipes (2R, 4R) for selectively returning the concentrated feed stream to one or other of the at least two feed chambers (2, 4); a product water outlet for removal of the product water (PW); and means for switching the delivery of the concentrated feed stream between the selectable return pipes (2R, 4R) upon detection of a predetermined reduction in the efficiency of the RO or NF process within one or other of the feed chambers (2, 4). The pressure of the concentrated feed stream is reduced to atmospheric pressure prior to its delivery back to the chamber and the feed stream passes through a desaturation unit (20).