The disclosure relates to systems, devices, and methods for flow control in a reverse osmosis filtration system, such as within a medical device. The systems, devices, and methods can respond to changes in permeate flow rate and solute concentration by adjusting feed water and concentrate water rates. Multiple feedback loops adjust parameters to meet water flow rate and purity requirements.

The disclosure relates to systems, devices, and methods for flow control in a reverse osmosis filtration system, such as within a medical device. The systems, devices, and methods can respond to changes in permeate flow rate and solute concentration by adjusting feed water and concentrate water rates. Multiple feedback loops adjust parameters to meet water flow rate and purity requirements.

Provided are methods, devices, and kits for the isolation of extracellular vesicles using silicon nanomembranes. A method for EV isolation includes the steps of collecting a biofluid sample, contacting the biofluid sample with a pre-filtration membrane, thereby forming a first filtrate and a first retentate, optionally, washing the first retentate of the pre-filtration membrane, contacting the first filtrate from the pre-filtration membrane with a capture membrane, thereby forming a second filtrate and a second retentate, optionally, washing the second retentate, and eluting the second retentate from the capture membrane or lysing the second retentate to recover the contents.

A method and system is provided for treating waste generated from manufacturing operations including at least one of Printed Circuit Boards Fabrication (PCB FAB), General Metal Finishing (GMF), semiconductors manufacturing, chemical milling, and Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD). The method and system are used to create zero liquid discharge recycling.

Provided is a method for co-producing iodine and salt by use of underground brine containing iodine salt and sodium chloride. The method is a method to produce iodine and salt in parallel including a series of steps including: an iodine acquisition step; a collecting step for obtaining concentrated brine by simultaneously concentrating iodine salt and sodium chloride by using an electrodialysis device; and a roasting step for obtaining salt. The present invention encompasses various aspects in terms of the order of performing the iodine acquisition step, the collecting step, and the roasting step, which are included in the series of steps.

A system for processing leachate is provided. The system has an ultrafiltration unit that receives the leachate and produces both an ultrafiltration permeate and an ultrafiltration reject. The system recovers the ultrafiltration reject and recirculates it through the ultrafiltration unit to produce a combined ultrafiltration permeate. The system also has a nanofiltration unit that receives the combined ultrafiltration permeate and produces both a nanofiltration permeate and a nanofiltration reject. The system also has a carbon filtration system that receives the nanofiltration reject and produces a carbon filtration permeate. The system also has a system output that receives the nanofiltration permeate and the carbon filtration permeate and produces a mixture of both permeates as an output mixture.

Liquid solution concentration systems, and related methods, are generally described. In some embodiments, the system is an osmotic system comprising a plurality of osmotic modules. For example, the osmotic system can comprise a feed osmotic module configured to produce an osmotic module retentate outlet stream having a higher concentration of solute than the retentate inlet stream transported to the feed osmotic module. The osmotic system can also comprise an isolation osmotic module fluidically connected to the feed osmotic module. The osmotic system can also optionally comprise a purification osmotic module fluidically connected to the feed osmotic module and/or the isolation osmotic module. Certain embodiments are related to altering the degree to which the feed osmotic module retentate outlet stream is recycled back to the retentate-side inlet of the feed osmotic module during operation. Additional embodiments are related to the manner in which the retentate-side effluent from the isolation osmotic module is distributed among the system modules during operation.

Disclosed is a natural compound sweetener, comprising mogroside V, rebaudioside A, natural tea theanine and dietary fibre. The method for preparing the sweetener comprises the steps of: (1) dissolution, filtration, concentration and sterilization: dissolving the mogroside V, rebaudioside A, natural tea theanine and dietary fibre in water, filtering, concentrating in a vacuum, and sterilizing to obtain a sterilized solution; and (2) paste-collection, drying and granulation: carrying out paste-collection on the sterilized solution obtained in the step (1), vacuum drying the collected liquid paste, and drying and then granulating the dry powder to obtain the sweetener.

A biogas upgrading system can include a multiple stage membrane system that is configured to remove oxygen so that the biogas is upgraded to have a higher concentration of methane, a pre-selected oxygen (O.sub.2) concentration (e.g. less than or equal to 0.2 mol %, etc.), and a pre-selected carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) concentration (e.g. less than or equal to 5 mol %, etc.). The membrane system can be configured to reject O.sub.2 by utilizing a low CO.sub.2/O.sub.2 selectivity that is within a pre-determined range (e.g. less than 5 or less than 4.5). In some embodiments, the upgraded biogas that is output from the system can be entirely made up of methane, carbon dioxide, and oxygen. In other embodiments, the biogas can be almost entirely composed of these components along with a small amount of nitrogen and a trace amount (e.g. less than or equal to 0.2%-0.1%, etc.) of other components.

Systems and processes for purifying and concentrating a liquid feed stream are disclosed. In the systems, the concentrated liquid output from the high pressure side of a reverse osmosis stage is used as the draw solution in the low pressure side of the reverse osmosis stage in a configuration called osmotically assisted reverse osmosis. This reduces the osmotic pressure differential across the membrane, permitting high solute concentrations to be obtained, hastening the purification of the liquid. Reduced system pressures are also obtained by arranging multiple osmotically assisted reverse osmosis stages in a cross-current arrangement. Overall system energy consumption is reduced compared to conventional thermal processes for high concentration streams.