A concentration apparatus that includes a liquid tank storing a liquid containing a filtration object, a tubular member having first and second end portions disposed in the liquid tank and forming a first circulation flow path therebetween, a circulation pump for supplying the liquid stored in the liquid tank to flow from the first end portion to the second end portion, a filtration filter disposed in a sidewall of the tubular member, a bypass pipe having first and second ends thereof connected to sidewalls of the tubular member so as to form a second circulation flow path between the first and second end portions of the tubular member, a switching valve constructed to cause the liquid to flow in one of the first or second circulation flow paths, and a control unit controlling driving of the circulation pump and a switching operation of the switching valve.

A concentration apparatus that includes a liquid tank storing a liquid containing a filtration object, a tubular member having first and second end portions disposed in the liquid tank and forming a first circulation flow path therebetween, a circulation pump for supplying the liquid stored in the liquid tank to flow from the first end portion to the second end portion, a filtration filter disposed in a sidewall of the tubular member, a bypass pipe having first and second ends thereof connected to sidewalls of the tubular member so as to form a second circulation flow path between the first and second end portions of the tubular member, a switching valve constructed to cause the liquid to flow in one of the first or second circulation flow paths, and a control unit controlling driving of the circulation pump and a switching operation of the switching valve.

A chemical liquid manufacturing apparatus is provided. The manufacturing apparatus at least includes an ion exchange medium and an ion adsorption medium configured downstream from the ion exchange medium. A material of the ion adsorption medium includes a resin material having an amide bond or an imide bond. A manufacturing method of a chemical liquid using the apparatus is also provided.

Systems and methods for separating a liquid mixture are disclosed. A membrane is first soaked by the liquid mixture via dynamic soaking to reach steady state. During the soaking process, the flow rate of the liquid mixture is increased at a flow rate ramp, the temperature is increased at a temperature ramp, and the pressure drop is increased at a pressure drop ramp. After the soaking process, the liquid mixture is separated by the membrane under optimized conditions to produce a permeate and a retentate.

A reverse osmosis desalination system has a combined displacement pump and displacement pressure recovery motor that propagate feed water with a structurally fixed recovery rate and structurally stabilized volume flow through continuously alternating discharging and recirculation intervals. Thereby enabled is an instantaneous discharge of the entire feed water concentrate and unmixed replacement with low salinity source water that intermittingly and effectively flushes the reverse osmosis membranes. This in turn provides for high recirculation peak salinity and recovery rate that are simple and reliably controlled without impairing membrane longevity.

A chemical liquid manufacturing apparatus is provided. The manufacturing apparatus at least includes an ion exchange medium and an ion adsorption medium configured downstream from the ion exchange medium. A material of the ion adsorption medium includes a resin material having an amide bond or an imide bond.

A feed containing methane and nitrogen gas is processed in a three-stage membrane system, each stage of which is selective for methane over nitrogen. The methane enriched permeate from the first stage is removed as product gas. The methane-depleted residue from the second stage is purified in second and third cascaded stages to provide second and third permeates and second and third residues. The third stage permeate is recycled to the feed.

An electrochlorination system includes an electrolyzer fluidically connectable between a source of feed fluid and a product fluid outlet, and a sub-system configured to one of increase a pH of the feed fluid, or increase a ratio of monovalent to divalent ions in the feed fluid, upstream of the electrolyzer.

Compositions, systems, and methods for selectively leaching and/or extracting lithium from sedimentary deposits and other resources are generally described.

A crossflow filtration unit for continuous diafiltration of a feed fluid for obtaining a retentate and a permeate, a corresponding method for diafiltration and the use of the crossflow filtration unit are provided. The crossflow filtration unit includes a diafiltration channel, a flat first filter material, a retentate channel, a flat second filter material, and a permeate collection channel, arranged such that the flat first filter material delimits the diafiltration channel and the retentate channel from one another, and the flat second filter material delimits the retentate channel and the permeate collection channel from one another. The diafiltration channel is fluidly connected to at least one inlet for the diafiltration medium, the retentate channel is fluidly connected to at least one inlet for the feed fluid and to at least one outlet for the retentate. The permeate collection channel is fluidly connected to at least one outlet for the permeate.