Systems and processes for purifying and concentrating a liquid feed stream are disclosed. In the systems, the concentrated liquid output from the high pressure side of a reverse osmosis stage is used as the draw solution in the low pressure side of the reverse osmosis stage in a configuration called osmotically assisted reverse osmosis. This reduces the osmotic pressure differential across the membrane, permitting high solute concentrations to be obtained, hastening the purification of the liquid. Reduced system pressures are also obtained by arranging multiple osmotically assisted reverse osmosis stages in a cross-current arrangement. Overall system energy consumption is reduced compared to conventional thermal processes for high concentration streams.

Systems and processes for purifying and concentrating a liquid feed stream are disclosed. In the systems, the concentrated liquid output from the high pressure side of a reverse osmosis stage is used as the draw solution in the low pressure side of the reverse osmosis stage in a configuration called osmotically assisted reverse osmosis. This reduces the osmotic pressure differential across the membrane, permitting high solute concentrations to be obtained, hastening the purification of the liquid. Reduced system pressures are also obtained by arranging multiple osmotically assisted reverse osmosis stages in a cross-current arrangement. Overall system energy consumption is reduced compared to conventional thermal processes for high concentration streams.

A method of removing chemical contaminants from a composition comprising an active, a solvent, and a contaminant can include providing an initial feed supply, wherein the initial feed supply comprises the active, the solvent, and the contaminant, wherein the contaminant can include 1,4 dioxane, dimethyl dioxane, or a combination thereof; including filtering the initial feed stock through a nanofilter and using reverse osmosis.

A method exosome purification and characterization is contemplated, comprising the steps of secondary two-stage tangential ultrafiltration to produce an extracted solution, pretreatment of the extracted solution for characterization, characterization of the extracted solution to detect particle size and concentration, and freeze-drying of the extracted solution. An exosome purification integrated device is also contemplated. Through the disclosed methods and devices, exosomes may be better purified and characterized in a manner that results in high practical value to overcome the problems associated with conventional exosome purification processes on the market today, including tedious purification processes, long durations, and high costs.

The present disclosure provides a system for capturing carbon from air based on bipolar membrane electrodialysis, which includes a first cation exchange membrane, a bipolar membrane and a second cation exchange membrane arranged in sequence, where a desorption chamber is arranged between the first cation exchange membrane and the bipolar membrane, and an absorption chamber is arranged between the bipolar membrane and the second cation exchange membrane; and a cathode reaction chamber is arranged on the other side of the first cation exchange membrane, and an anode reaction chamber is arranged on the other side of the second cation exchange membrane. The system improves carbon capture rate and capture purity, and can be adapted to various scenarios.

The present application relates to the technical field of further processing of dairy products, and in particular to a preparation method of milk oligosaccharides, and milk oligosaccharide powder and food prepared thereby. The preparation method comprises the steps of: performing ultrafiltration of whey liquid for at least three times, subjecting the ultrafiltration permeate to nanofiltration concentration for several times, then subjecting the nanofiltration retentate to chromatographic separation and purification, collecting chromatographic collection liquid containing sialyllactose while removing the fraction containing lactose, subjecting the collection to desalination and drying to obtain oligosaccharide powder. The milk oligosaccharides prepared by the present method and the food product containing the same comprise basically bovine milk oligosaccharides, which are light yellow or white in color, light in flavor, uniform in size, and have good thermal stability and solubility. The milk oligosaccharides mainly comprise 3′-sialyllactose and 6′-sialyllactose.

Some embodiments provide a water filtration system that is fluidly coupled to a water feed line and/or a water supply line and is designed to filter contaminates from the water supply. The water filtration system includes an outer housing, a front cover, a rear cover, a pump, a reverse osmosis (RO) element, a pre-filter cartridge, a post-filter cartridge, a permeate flush tank, a RO manifold, and a sensor manifold. The water filtration system further includes a pump and at least one solenoid. When assembled, a RO housing, a pre-filter housing, and a post-filter housing surround the RO element, the pre-filter cartridge, and the post-filter cartridge, respectively. The filter cartridges hold replaceable filtration media in an interior cavity and contaminants and other impurities are removed as water flows through the filtration media of the filter cartridges.

A method for producing a product related to the specified technology includes adjusting the concentration of cells in a culture vessel to a value of from 3×10.sup.7 cells/ml to 3×10.sup.8 cells/ml; in a case in which the average diameter of single cells in the culture vessel is designated as A, adjusting the number proportion of cells having a single cell diameter of 1.4×A or greater in the culture vessel to 5% or less, and adjusting the number proportion of cells having a single cell diameter in the range of A±A/7 to 50% or more.

A metal surface treatment liquid recycling system includes a treatment liquid collecting tank, a pre-treatment device, a nanofiltration device and a vacuum distillation device, all of which are connected sequentially. The nanofiltration device includes a feed tank, a first-stage nanofiltration membrane unit, and a second-stage nanofiltration membrane unit. Treatment wastewater in the treatment liquid collecting tank is fed into the pre-treatment device to filter out suspended solids and then enter the feed tank. The wastewater in the feed tank is filtered by the first-stage nanofiltration membrane unit and transformed to a first-stage concentrated waste liquid and first-stage infiltration fluids. The first-stage infiltration fluids are fed into and re-filtered by the second-stage nanofiltration membrane unit and transformed to a second-stage concentrated waste liquid and second-stage infiltration fluids. The second-stage infiltration fluids are evaporated and concentrated by the vacuum distillation device for generation of distilled water and high-concentration acid concentrated fluids.

Systems and methods for filtering materials from biologic fluids are discussed. Embodiments may be used to filter cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a human or animal subject. In an example, CSF is separated into a permeate and retentate using a tangential flow filter. The retentate is filtered again and then returned to the subject with the permeate. During operation of the system, various parameters may be modified, such as flow rate and waste rate.