In embodiments of the invention, there is provided a dialyzer or filter comprising hollow fibers, in which blood flows on the exterior of the hollow fibers, and dialysate or filtrate may flow on the inside. The external surfaces of the hollow fibers may have properties of smoothness and hemocompatibility. The fiber bundle may have appropriate packing fraction and may have wavy fibers. Optimum shear rates and blood velocities are identified. Geometric features of the cartridge, such as pertaining to flow distribution of the blood, may be different for different ends of the cartridge. Air bleed and emboli traps may be provided. Lengthened service life may be achieved by combinations of these features, which may permit additional therapies and applications or better economics.

Inflow branch pipes of water to be treated, which are branched from an inflow line of the water to be treated, which is provided on an upper side of desalination chambers of an electrodeionization apparatus, communicate with the desalination chambers, respectively. Both ends of the inflow line of the water to be treated are opened, and a supply pipe of the water to be treated communicates with each of the ends so that the water to be treated can be supplied from both sides. In addition, in a lower side of each of the desalination chambers, outflow pipes of treated water, communicate with each other, and these outflow pipes each join an outflow line of the treated water. In addition, both ends of the outflow line of the water to be treated are opened so that the treated water can be discharged from both sides. According to such an electrodeionization apparatus, it is possible to suppress an increase in a differential pressure during passage of water.

A vacuum system for use with a deoxygenator system includes a housing, a movable assembly positioned within the housing, and a biasing mechanism coupling the movable assembly to the housing. The movable assembly is movable between a first position and a second position within the housing to form a low pressure area between the housing and the movable assembly. A control system including at least one pressure source is arranged in fluid communication with the low pressure area. The control system is operable to selectively communicate fluid from the at least one pressure source to the housing to form the low pressure area.

An extracorporeal blood treatment machine for carrying out a blood treatment including a machine front on which a hollow fiber filter module is arranged in a horizontal position, which hollow fiber filter module includes a cylindrical housing, a blood chamber having a blood inlet nozzle and a blood outlet nozzle and a solution chamber having a solution inlet nozzle extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the hollow fiber filter module and a solution outlet nozzle extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the hollow fiber filter module, the solution chamber being semi-permeably communicated at least in portions with the blood chamber, wherein a height potential is present in the horizontal position between the solution inlet nozzle and the solution outlet nozzle so that drainage of solution is enabled via one of the solution nozzles and evacuation of air bubbles is enabled via an other of the solution nozzles.

A sheet-shaped hollow fiber membrane module includes a casing having a flat shape, the casing including a supply port and a discharge port, and a plurality of hollow fiber membranes accommodated inside the casing. The casing includes a plurality of the supply ports on one main surface of the casing and a plurality of the discharge ports on the other main surface of the casing, at least one of the plurality of the supply ports is closable, and at least one of the plurality of the discharge ports is closable. Each of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes includes a first opening at one end of the hollow fiber membrane and a second opening at the other end of the hollow fiber membrane, and the first opening and the second opening communicate with an outside of the casing and do not communicate with an inside of the casing.

A filter module includes: a center tube having at least one purified water inlet on an outer peripheral surface thereof and provided at one end thereof with a connection portion having a purified water outlet formed therein; a reverse osmosis filter wound on the center tube, the reverse osmosis filtering raw water introduced through one end thereof and discharging the filtered raw water to the purified water inlet; and a post-treatment filter disposed inside the center tube and allowing purified water introduced into the center tube to be post-treated by passing through the post-treatment filter, wherein the center tube includes: a first tube member provided at one end thereof with the connection portion and having a first post-treatment filter mounting slot formed therein; and a second tube member detachably connected to the other end of the first tube member and having a second post-treatment filter mounting slot formed therein.

A ceramic membrane filtration assembly includes a housing and a membrane assembly. The membrane assembly includes at least one membrane with channels therein. A first inner end cap device is disposed within the housing and is coupled with the membrane assembly. The housing has a bypass near an outer perimeter of the first inner end cap device, the first inner end cap device has an inner port, the inner port fluidly coupled with the channels of the membrane, where the bypass includes a space between the housing and the first inner end cap device. A first outer end cap device is coupled with the first inner end cap device; the first outer end cap device has a first port and a second port, where the first port is fluidly separate from the second port, and the first port is fluidly coupled with the inner port.

A device (1) for purification of water driven by gravity through a purification unit between an upper dirt water container (2) and a lower clean water tank (3). A backwash system may be integrated, the system comprising a receptacle (8) for accumulation of the backwash water to prevent consumption thereof by mistake.

A whole blood filtration device is provided with a filter membrane separating a feeding volume and a clean side of the filter membrane from each other. The feeding volume communicates with a first feeding side opening and with a second feeding side opening. The filter membrane has pores with a pore size that ensures permeability of the filter membrane to blood plasma/serum and that retains blood cells. The first feeding side opening can be coupled to a first blood pump for feeding blood from the first feeding side opening into the feeding volume so that blood plasma/serum permeates the filter membrane and blood cells, retained by the filter membrane, exit from the feeding volume through the second feeding side opening.

A whole blood filtration device is provided with a filter membrane separating a feeding volume and a clean side of the filter membrane from each other. The feeding volume communicates with a first feeding side opening and with a second feeding side opening. The filter membrane has pores with a pore size that ensures permeability of the filter membrane to blood plasma/serum and that retains blood cells. The first feeding side opening can be coupled to a first blood pump for feeding blood from the first feeding side opening into the feeding volume so that blood plasma/serum permeates the filter membrane and blood cells, retained by the filter membrane, exit from the feeding volume through the second feeding side opening.