Support and drainage materials, filter including the materials, and methods of use are disclosed.

Support and drainage materials, filter including the materials, and methods of use are disclosed.

A corrugated membrane plate and frame module for use in fluid treatment applications is disclosed, where the corrugated design increases production capacity of a module by more than 200% as compared to conventional modules. The increase is achieved by tripling the membrane packing density per module using an optimized corrugated design. The disclosed corrugated membrane plate and frame also reduces the inactive membrane area per module, which is caused by deactivation of membranes edges attached to the plate and frame core in order to prevent leakage.

An example separation system includes a stack of membrane plate assemblies. An example membrane plate assembly may include membranes bonded to opposite sides of a spacer plate. The spacer plate may include a first opening in fluid communication with a region between the membranes, and a second opening in fluid communication with a region between membrane plate assemblies. Adjacent membrane plate assemblies in the stack may have alternating orientations such that bonding areas for adjacent membranes in the stack may be staggered. Accordingly, two isolated flows may be provided which may be orthogonal from one another.

Disclosed herein is a hollow fiber membrane module provided with a hollow fiber membrane bundle, a case in which the hollow fiber membrane bundle is contained, a fixation part which affixes the hollow fiber membrane bundle within the case and divides the space inside the case into a first space that is outside the hollow fiber membranes and a second space that is in communication with the insides of the hollow fiber membranes, and a partition plate which divides the first space into a first region and a second region.

The present disclosure provides an electrodialysis stack that may be used for the treatment of an electrically conductive solution. The stack includes two electrodes (at least one is a recessed electrode), a plurality of ion-transport membranes and stack spacers. The membranes and spacers are arranged between the electrodes to define electrodialysis cell pairs. The stack includes an electrically insulated zone that extends substantially from a distribution manifold past the recessed edge of the electrode and substantially from the recessed electrode to the opposite electrode for a distance that is about 8% to 100% of the total distance between the electrodes. The overlap distance that the electrically insulated zone extends past the recessed edge of the electrode is calculated as: distance in cm=(0.062 cm.sup.1)*(exp(60/total cp)*(area in cm.sup.2 of the manifold ducts of the concentrated stream at the recessed edge) +/10%.

A method and an apparatus (10) for filtering and separating flow medium (11) by means of membranes (13), in a substantially pressuretight housing (14), at least one inlet (15) for the flow medium (11) to be separated, and at least one outlet (16) for permeate (18) discharge and an outlet (17) for discharged retentate (19), is described. The membranes (13) being embodied as membrane cushions, which have an opening region (131) for emergence of permeate (18) collecting in the membrane interior (137). Various partial sets of the set of membranes (13), which form a membrane stack (12), utilize different separation techniques based on the flow medium (11) so that a respective partial set are each operated with a predetermined, different pressure of the medium (11) to be separated or with a different vacuum on the permeate side of the membranes (13).

Spiral wound membrane rolls and modules and methods for making such membrane rolls and modules are described, along with water extraction or water filtrations systems including the spiral wound membrane rolls and modules and the use thereof in a forward osmosis process, an assisted forward osmosis process or a pressure retarded osmosis process

The present disclosure is directed ion-exchange systems and devices that include composite ion-exchange membranes having 3D printed spacers on them. These 3D printed spacers can drastically reduce the total intermembrane spacing within the system/device while maintaining a reliable sealing surface around the exterior border of the membrane. By adding the spacers directly to the membrane using additive manufacturing, the amount of material used can be reduced without adversely impacting the manufacturability of the composite membrane as well as allow for complex spacer geometries that can reduce the restrictions to flow resulting in less pressure drop associated with the flow in the active area of the membranes.

An electrochemical cell according to the present disclosure includes a casing provided with an inflow port and an outflow port, a bipolar membrane laminated body in which two or more bipolar membranes are laminated so as to be opposed, electrodes disposed so as to sandwich the bipolar membrane laminated body, and a first diffusion member disposed between the inflow port and the bipolar membrane laminated body, and provided with through holes communicating between the inflow port and the bipolar membrane laminated body. The first diffusion member is formed such that each of the through holes provided in a peripheral edge portion has a larger opening area than an opening area of the through holes provided in a central portion. This can uniformize a flow of water, so that water treatment can be efficiently executed.