There is provided a single pass electro-separation system for separating substantially all of a charged molecule from a fluid stream in a single pass, the system comprising an assembly adapted to be disposed between a cathode and an anode. The assembly comprises: at least a first, second, and third separation membrane each having defined pore sizes; a first spacer disposed between the first and second separation membranes and having a void extending from an inlet to an outlet to define a first fluid flow path for a first fluid stream between the first and second separation membranes; and a second spacer disposed between the second and third separation membranes and having a void extending from an inlet and an outlet to define a second fluid flow path for a second fluid stream between the second and third separation membranes

The disclosure relates to assembled membranes used in water treatment systems, including membranes used in reverse osmosis procedures and methods for making and using the membranes.

The co-generation of hydrogen from water produced during pressure driven water desalination/filtration processes, such as reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, pressure retarded osmosis or ultrafiltration, is described herein. A small part of feed, raw saline solution and/or permeate involved in a desalination/filtration processes is subjected to electrolysis thereby splitting the water to produce hydrogen. This is achieved by the provision of novel RO type semi-permeable membranes and UF type membrane that incorporate electrodes within the membrane to allow splitting of the water via electrolysis.

The present disclosure is directed ion-exchange systems and devices that include composite ion-exchange membranes having 3D printed spacers on them. These 3D printed spacers can drastically reduce the total intermembrane spacing within the system/device while maintaining a reliable sealing surface around the exterior border of the membrane. By adding the spacers directly to the membrane using additive manufacturing, the amount of material used can be reduced without adversely impacting the manufacturability of the composite membrane as well as allow for complex spacer geometries that can reduce the restrictions to flow resulting in less pressure drop associated with the flow in the active area of the membranes.

The present disclosure provides an electrodialysis stack that may be used for the treatment of an electrically conductive solution. The stack includes two electrodes (at least one is a recessed electrode), a plurality of ion-transport membranes and stack spacers. The membranes and spacers are arranged between the electrodes to define electrodialysis cell pairs. The stack includes an electrically insulated zone that extends substantially from a distribution manifold past the recessed edge of the electrode and substantially from the recessed electrode to the opposite electrode for a distance that is about 8% to 100% of the total distance between the electrodes. The overlap distance that the electrically insulated zone extends past the recessed edge of the electrode is calculated as:
distance in cm=(0.062 cm.sup.1)*(exp(60/total cp)*(area in cm.sup.2 of the manifold ducts of the concentrated stream at the recessed edge)+/10%.

The present invention provides compact spiral-wound filter elements having cassette-like performance. The invention further provides filtration systems (e.g., TFF systems) and processes (e.g., SPTFF processes) employing compact spiral-wound filter elements having cassette-like performance.

Hydrogen purification devices and their components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the devices may include at least one foil-microscreen assembly disposed between and secured to first and second end frames. The at least one foil-microscreen assembly may include at least one hydrogen-selective membrane and at least one microscreen structure including a non-porous planar sheet having a plurality of apertures forming a plurality of fluid passages. The planar sheet may include generally opposed planar surfaces configured to provide support to the permeate side. The plurality of fluid passages may extend between the opposed surfaces. The at least one hydrogen-selective membrane may be metallurgically bonded to the at least one microscreen structure.

An ion conductive spacer for use in an electrodialysis reversal stack is disclosed, which includes a plastic netting and a polymeric coating coated on the plastic netting and containing charged groups. The morphology of the polymeric coating has interconnected ionic clusters which allow continuous and macroscopic ion transportation throughout a surface of the plastic netting. An electrodialysis reversal stack using the above ion conductive spacer and a process for preparing the above ion conductive spacer are also disclosed.

Embodiments herein relate to filtration devices having spiral wound filtration element. In an embodiment, a filtration device is included having a first spiral wound filter element. The first spiral wound filter element can include one or more spacing layers, one or more membrane layers disposed in between the one or more spacing layers, and a plurality of spacing elements. The first spiral wound filter element can have an aspect ratio that is less than 8:1 height to width. Other embodiments are also included herein.

An example separation system includes a stack of membrane plate assemblies. An example membrane plate assembly may include membranes bonded to opposite sides of a spacer plate. The spacer plate may include a first opening in fluid communication with a region between the membranes, and a second opening in fluid communication with a region between membrane plate assemblies. Adjacent membrane plate assemblies in the stack may have alternating orientations such that bonding areas for adjacent membranes in the stack may be staggered. Accordingly, two isolated flows may be provided which may be orthogonal from one another.