A hollow fiber membrane module includes an inner case 120 with a one-end-side outer peripheral surface 121, the width of which is constant from one end side toward the other end side, and an other-end-side outer peripheral surface 122 which gradually widens from one end side toward the other end side, and in the inner case 120, a hollow portion that opens to the other end side is provided on an inside of the other-end-side outer peripheral surface 122 and a plurality of windows 122a that allow communication between the hollow portion and the annular gap are provided, and in the outer case 110, a communication hole 111a that communicates between the annular gap and the outside of the outer case 110 is provided at a position that is closer to the one end side.

A spiral membrane element is provided which has a restricted outer diameter but is heightened in effective membrane area, and further which can be decreased in operation energy therefor. The spiral membrane element is an element including plural membrane leaves L in each of which a permeation-side flow-channel member 3 is interposed between opposed separation membranes 1; a supply-side flow-channel member 2 interposed between any two of the membrane leaves L; a perforated central pipe 5 on which the membrane leaves L and the supply-side flow-channel member 2 are wound; and sealing parts that prevent a supply-side flow-channel from being mixed with a permeation-side flow-channel. The sealing parts include both-end sealing parts 11 in which an adhesive is used to seal two-side end parts of each of the membrane leaves L on both sides of the leaf in an axial direction A1 of the leaf. The thickness T1 of the both-end sealing parts 11 is 390 to 540 m.

Some embodiments comprise membranes comprising a first layer comprising a porous graphene-based material; a second layer comprising a porous graphene-based material; a channel positioned between the first layer and the second layer, wherein the channel has a tunable channel diameter; and at least one spacer substance positioned in the channel, wherein the spacer substance is responsive to the environmental stimulus. In some cases, the membranes have more than two layers of porous graphene-based material. Permeability of a membrane can be altered by exposing the membrane to an environmental stimulus. Membranes can be used in methods of water filtration, immune-isolation, timed drug release (e.g., sustained or delayed release), hemodialysis, or hemofiltration.

Embodiments relate generally to a filter (110), for example, for attachment onto a gas detector device or a gas sensor, and attempt to improve the efficiency and service life of the filter (110). Embodiments typically comprise a dustproof membrane (114) and a waterproof membrane (113). Some embodiments may also comprise a splash-proof cap (130) and/or features to reduce negative pressure on the filter (110).

Described are wrapped fluid treatment elements, comprising: a composite material; an interleaf; and an inner core; wherein the composite material and the interleaf form layers wrapped around the inner core. The composite material and interleaf may be wrapped in a spiral configuration around the inner core. The invention also relates to a method of separating a substance from a fluid, comprising the step of placing the fluid in contact with an inventive device or element, thereby adsorbing or absorbing the substance to the composite material contained therein.

A sheet filter membrane is arranged on a surface of a filter plate of a thermoplastic resin, and a plurality of projections provided in a hot plate is pressed against the filter plate above a periphery of the filter membrane with different timing for each of the projections to abut on the filter membrane. A plurality of recessed bonding portions with different depths are thus formed in the filter plate, and the filter membrane is bonded to the filter plate by heat welding in each of the recessed bonding portions. Sealing is therefore provided between the filter membrane and the filter plate along the periphery of the filter membrane.

The present invention provides a device capable of reducing the resistance and increasing the ion exchange rate in an electrodialysis, electro-deionization, or capacitive deionization apparatus and a method for producing said device. More specifically, the device is an electrodialysis spacer designed to have an ionically conductive surface of either cationic nature, anionic nature or a combination of both, which act as conductive pathways for ions as they move towards their respective electrode. The method of producing said spacer involves coating a substrate, such as a woven mesh, expanded netting, extruded netting or non-woven material, with perm-selective ionomer solutions and applying that substrate to an inert spacer material that has undergone chemical or mechanical etching.

A reverse osmosis system and method of operating the same includes a membrane housing comprising a reverse osmosis membrane therein. The membrane housing has a feed fluid input, a brine outlet and a permeate outlet; The system further includes a charge pump, a plurality of valves and a tank having a volume comprising a movable partition dividing the volume into a first volume and a second volume. The plurality of valves selectively couples the charge pump to the first volume or the second volume and the brine outlet to the second volume or the first volume respectively.

Methods and devices are disclosed for a separation device. A separation device includes a separation module having a separation membrane separating an interior of the separation module into a retentate compartment and a permeate compartment. The retentate compartment includes at least one retentate channel, a feed port fluidly coupled to the at least one retentate channel and a retentate port. The permeate compartment includes at least one permeate channel disposed within the permeate compartment and a permeate port fluidly coupled to the at least one permeate channel. a retentate collector fluidly connected to the retentate port. The device further includes a feed reservoir, a permeate reservoir, a fluidic gate located between the feed reservoir and the separation module, a vent located between the retentate channel and the permeate channel end adjacent the retentate port and a pressure differential source applied across the separation module.

Photocurable compositions and methods of preparation and use of such compositions. More particularly, photocurable compositions useful for forming topographical features on surfaces such as membrane surfaces. Methods of forming topographical features on a membrane surface using photocurable compositions.