A membrane filtration system, capable of effectively removing foreign matter attached to a separation membrane while saving energy by reciprocating the separation membrane, includes a treatment bath, a membrane support frame disposed in the treatment bath, a separation membrane module installed in the membrane support frame, a reciprocating part connected with the membrane support frame to reciprocate the membrane support frame, and a sludge floating part disposed on a lower end of the membrane support frame to float sludge accumulated in the treatment bath, and a filtered-water discharge part discharging filtered water that has been filtered via the separation membrane module. The filtered-water discharge part is formed to be movable or stretchable in response to a reciprocating motion of the membrane support frame.

Described are wrapped fluid treatment elements, comprising: a composite material; an interleaf; and an inner core; wherein the composite material and the interleaf form layers wrapped around the inner core. The composite material and interleaf may be wrapped in a spiral configuration around the inner core. The invention also relates to a method of separating a substance from a fluid, comprising the step of placing the fluid in contact with an inventive device or element, thereby adsorbing or absorbing the substance to the composite material contained therein.

A reverse osmosis system and method of operating the same includes a membrane housing comprising a reverse osmosis membrane therein. The membrane housing has a feed fluid input, a brine outlet and a permeate outlet; The system further includes a charge pump, a plurality of valves and a tank having a volume comprising a movable partition dividing the volume into a first volume and a second volume. The plurality of valves selectively couples the charge pump to the first volume or the second volume and the brine outlet to the second volume or the first volume respectively.

Disclosed is a method of oxidizing a substrate comprising contacting the substrate, an oxidant, and a solid phase comprising a plurality of pendant groups having affinity for a substrate to be oxidised and an oxidation catalyst. Also disclosed is a solid phase and membrane for use in the method. Also disclosed is a method for preparing the solid phase, and system for oxidizing a substrate.

A membrane separation apparatus includes: a lower support body that includes a water-to-be-treated introduction port and a concentrated water discharge port; an upper support body that includes a permeated water discharge port; a separation membrane that is provided between the lower support body and the upper support body, and that separates water to be treated into permeated water and concentrated water; and a first sheet-like elastic member that is provided between the separation membrane and the lower support body, and that forms seals between the separation membrane and the lower support body and between the lower support body and the upper support body.

A reverse osmosis system and method of operating the same includes a membrane housing comprising a reverse osmosis membrane therein. The membrane housing has a feed fluid input, a brine outlet and a permeate outlet; The system further includes a charge pump, a plurality of valves and a tank having a volume comprising a movable partition dividing the volume into a first volume and a second volume. The plurality of valves selectively couples the charge pump to the first volume or the second volume and the brine outlet to the second volume or the first volume respectively.

A water treatment system with a vessel that contains saline water and a membrane module with a first planar semi-permeable membrane, a second planar semi-permeable membrane substantially parallel to the first planar semi-permeable membrane, and at least one elongated membrane with an elongated cavity sandwiched between the first and the second planar semi-permeable membranes, wherein water molecules in the saline water are permeated through said membranes when a draw solution is passed through the elongated cavity; and a method of forming a purified water stream with the water treatment system.

A replaceable membrane distillation module has a membrane distillation plate with an upper portion and a lower portion at two ends respectively. Two upper holes and two lower holes are defined through the upper portion and the lower portion at two ends respectively. A distillation portion is recessed in at least one side of the membrane distillation plate, and a distillation membrane covers on the distillation portion that a distillation space forms between the distillation portions and the distillation membrane. Multiple channels are disposed in the membrane distillation plate to communicate one of the upper holes, the distillation space and one of the lower flow holes. A blocking element is selectively combined with one of the upper holes or one of the lower flow holes.

Described are filter cartridges, filter apparatuses, and related methods that involve a filter cartridge that includes a cartridge support that includes centering surfaces, a helical strand, or both.

Hydrogen purification devices and their components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the devices may include at least one foil-microscreen assembly disposed between and secured to first and second end frames. The at least one foil-microscreen assembly may include at least one hydrogen-selective membrane and at least one microscreen structure including a non-porous planar sheet having a plurality of apertures forming a plurality of fluid passages. The planar sheet may include generally opposed planar surfaces configured to provide support to the permeate side. The plurality of fluid passages may extend between the opposed surfaces. The at least one hydrogen-selective membrane may be metallurgically bonded to the at least one microscreen structure.