A separation-membrane module 1 includes an element block 2 that is formed by arranging, in parallel, a plurality of separation-membrane elements 4 that are formed by arranging a pair of separation-membranes with their respective permeate surfaces in opposition to each other and sealing the edges of the pair of the membranes; and an aeration block 3 that includes an aeration pipe 31 and that is disposed under the element block 2. In the element block 2, at least one upper spacer 8 is disposed in the upper portion of each space between the adjacent separation-membrane elements 4, and a lower spacer 9 is disposed under the upper spacer 8 in each space between the adjacent separation-membrane elements 4. And the leftmost and the rightmost separation-membrane elements 4 of the plurality of the separation-membrane elements 4 are secured to a frame 12 at the lower spacers 9.

A cooling device for cooling a fluid comprises a vertical cooling tower, into an upper area of which the fluid to be cooled is fed and from a lower area of which the cooled fluid is discharged. The fluid in the cooling tower is cooled by a cooling gas flowing from the bottom to the top. At least one installation in which the fluid is conducted is provided in the gas space of the cooling tower through which cooling gas flows. Each installation comprises at least one fluid channel that is separated at least in part from the gas space of the cooling tower by a fluid-tight membrane wall that is permeable to vapor on both sides.

Hydrogen purification devices and their components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the devices may include at least one foil-microscreen assembly disposed between and secured to first and second end frames. The at least one foil-microscreen assembly may include at least one hydrogen-selective membrane and at least one microscreen structure including a non-porous planar sheet having a plurality of apertures forming a plurality of fluid passages. The planar sheet may include generally opposed planar surfaces configured to provide support to the permeate side. The plurality of fluid passages may extend between the opposed surfaces. The at least one hydrogen-selective membrane may be metallurgically bonded to the at least one microscreen structure.

The invention relates to a spacer with mixing elements, particularly for membrane modules. The spacer comprises a three-dimensional net with mesh (1) having the shape of polygons with number of sides n≥5, with at least one pair of sides made of support beams (2) which are not in contact with one another, parallel to one another, preferably inclined from the axis defining the direction of the flow, each of which fits in the volume of a cylinder and is in contact with the surface of membranes (4), with at least one pair of vertices of the sides made of support beams (2) is connected with one another by means of two connectors (3) comprising mixing elements which are not in contact with the surface of both membranes (4) and forming between them an angle β<180°, each of the connectors (3) fits in the volume of a solid formed by twisting a cylinder along its longitudinal axis by 90°, the spacer having, at least on part of its surface, mixing elements fixed in the net mesh, each of which is made of two beams (101) of the height of 0.1-10 mm, preferably 0.3 mm, being support points of the membrane (103), which are in contact with the membrane (103) and comprise side edges of a polyhedron being a mesh of the net and are connected by at least two connectors (102a) and (102b), intersecting at an angle (γ) in the range of 0-180°, preferably 30°, or interweaving in at least one point of a flat projection on a plain defined by axes of the beams (101). The spacer makes it possible to minimize fluid flow resistance and operate with a high linear flow velocity in constant conditions.

A cassette type electrodialysis unit includes an accommodating box, a filter membrane group and a cover member disposed on the accommodating box. The accommodating box includes a membrane support, a membrane limiting wall and an accommodating opening. The membrane limiting wall is disposed on and surrounds the membrane support to form the accommodation opening. The filter membrane group is disposed on the membrane support and abuts an inner side of the membrane limiting wall, and includes a first ion exchange membrane, a second ion exchange membrane and a spacer disposed therebetween. The cover member includes a main body, an opening penetrating the main body, and a pressing portion. A first side of the main body adjacent to the filter membrane group has a peripheral area and an inner area closer to the opening than the outer area, and the pressing portion is formed on the inner area.

Provided is a feed spacer for reducing differential pressure of a reverse osmosis element, the feed spacer forming the reverse osmosis element, the feed spacer comprising a plurality of strands disposed in a mesh shape having predetermined intersection points, and wherein a vertical cross section of each of the strands has a rhombic shape such that a pressure loss of in the feed spacer is minimized by an effective flow of raw water at an interface of a reverse osmosis membrane, and a nozzle for forming the feed spacer.

Hydrogen purification devices and their components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the devices may include at least one foil-microscreen assembly disposed between and secured to first and second end frames. The at least one foil-microscreen assembly may include at least one hydrogen-selective membrane and at least one microscreen structure including a non-porous planar sheet having a plurality of apertures forming a plurality of fluid passages. The planar sheet may include generally opposed planar surfaces configured to provide support to the permeate side. The plurality of fluid passages may extend between the opposed surfaces. The at least one hydrogen-selective membrane may be metallurgically bonded to the at least one microscreen structure.

Embodiments relate generally to a filter, for example, for attachment onto a gas detector device or a gas sensor, and attempt to improve the efficiency and service life of the filter. Embodiments typically comprise a dustproof membrane and a waterproof membrane. Some embodiments may also comprise a splash-proof cap and/or features to reduce negative pressure on the filters.

Disclosed herein are spacers having baffle designs and perforations for efficiently and effectively separating one or more membrane layers a membrane filtration system. The spacer includes a body formed at least in part by baffles that are interconnected, and the baffles define boundaries of openings or apertures through a thickness direction of the body of the spacer. Alternatively or additionally, passages or perforations may be present in the spacer layer or baffles for fluid flow there through, with the passages and baffles having a numerous different shapes and sizes.

A self-contained filtration assembly with a self-contained filtration cassette therein. The cassette may be formed from one or more layers membranes and spacers (spacers, screens, or combinations thereof) all having the same general shape. The cassette may have a feed inlet path and a retentate outlet path extending through the layers of the cassette within the perimeter of the cassette, and a permeate outlet path between the cassette exterior and the interior of the cassette housing. The housing may have a generally circular or elliptical cross-section. A clamping assembly may hold together the components of the housing, and may be elongated in a direction along the flow path of the feedstream through the cassette. Various port-defining zones defined in the layers of the cassette may be sealed in a manner facilitating assembly of the cassette as well as isolation of the flow paths therein.