A cross flow filtration unit, which provides a planar, rigid filter plate for filtration of liquid media. The plate has a planar membrane, which is fluid tight bonded at its edges to the surface of a partly hollow supporting plate having exit openings, internal flow channels, and flow areas for a first liquid medium. The membrane is in fluid contact with said the liquid medium at its internal surface and being in fluid contact with a second liquid medium at its external surface.

An improved spacer for use in electrodialysis and electrodeionization stacks can provide close contact between the spacer mesh and its adjacent ion exchange membranes, reducing the water flow cross-section through the cell. This in turn can lead to higher flow velocities and increased flow turbulence between ion exchange membranes, thereby reducing membrane polarization effects and increasing the limiting current density. The improved spacer can be combined with a voluminous spacer gasket for receiving a volume of electroactive media, the voluminous spacer gasket comprising an outer gasket edge having an open central area for receiving the electroactive media, and holes on the top and bottom of the outer gasket edge whose dimensions match the holes on the spacer.

An oxygenator (10) has a hollow fiber module (19), a cylindrical outer tube (22) that accommodates the hollow fiber module (19), and a sealing structure (82a, 82b) that seals a gap between an outer peripheral portion of the hollow fiber module (19) and an inner peripheral portion of the outer tube (22). The sealing structure (82a, 82b) includes an anchor structure (84a, 84b) that is formed on the outer tube (22) on an inner peripheral side near the end defining a groove recessed in an axial direction of the outer tube (22), a cutout portion (88) formed by cutting out the anchor structure (84a, 84b) on the inner peripheral side, and a sealing material (86a, 86b) with which the anchor structure (84a, 84b) and the gap are filled.

A modular frame (20) comprises three distinct sections, an outer section (1), a flow section (2), and an active section (3). The frame further comprises a gasket (22, 23) positioned adjacent to the modular frame (20). Further a distance bar (21) extends away from periphery of the modular frame (20). Further the outer section (1) comprises an outer frame (27) and an inner frame (26), wherein a plurality of cross-member (40) are positioned between outer frame (27) and an inner frame (26). The active section (3) further comprises a grid (14) consisting of plurality of flow channels. The flow section (2) further comprises one internal flow passage (15, 16) and one external flow passage (17, 18), wherein the at least one internal flow passage (15, 16) and the at least one external flow passage (17, 18) are connected to the grid (14) in the active section (3).

A treatment system for performing a treatment on a patient may include a treatment fluid preparation device having a pump connected by a fluid channel to a reservoir of a source fluid, the pump conveying the source fluid from the reservoir, through a filter, and combining the source fluid with a concentrate by pumping the source fluid with the concentrate to form a treatment fluid in a batch container. The treatment fluid preparation device may have a controller that controls a heater, the pump, and a memory. The controller starts the heater to warm the treatment fluid in the batch container at a time that is responsive to the treatment time stored in the memory. The controller also detects a pressure property of the filter to determine its integrity and outputs an indication of a failed batch if the pressure property indicates the integrity of the filter is insufficient.

Provided is a spiral membrane element that has a restricted outer diameter and is capable of being decreased in operation energy therefor. The element is a spiral membrane element including plural membrane leaves in each of which a permeation-side flow-channel member is interposed between opposed separation membranes a supply-side flow-channel member interposed between any two of the membrane leaves a perforated central pipe on which the membrane leaves and the supply-side flow-channel member are wound and a sealing part that prevents a supply-side flow-channel member from being mixed with a permeation-side flow-channel member. This element has an efficiency index E of 0.005 to 0.10, and the thickness of the supply-side flow-channel member is from 10 to 110 mil.

The present invention provides compact spiral-wound filter elements having cassette-like performance. The invention further provides filtration systems (e.g., TFF systems) and processes (e.g., SPTFF processes) employing compact spiral-wound filter elements having cassette-like performance.

A humidifier module for a humidifier in a fuel cell system is provided having a gas-permeable membrane, on one side of which there is arranged a flow field core defining a flow field, wherein the flow field core comprises at least two separating webs, between which a channel is formed. The separating webs are formed from a hygroscopic, not water-soluble material, such that a liquid flowing in the at least one channel can be stored temporarily in the hygroscopic separating webs. Furthermore, the invention relates to a humidifier having humidifier modules, a fuel cell system having a humidifier, and a method for humidifying a gas are also provided.

Spacers are attached to membranes of an array of flat plate ceramic membranes. The spacers limit bending of the membranes which can be caused by buildup of solids on the faces of adjacent membranes.

A humidifier module is provided having a water vapor-permeable membrane having spacers defining a flow field arranged on either side of the membrane and having a yarn stitched into the membrane. The spacers defining the flow field are formed by the yarn stitched into the membrane. A humidifier, a method for making a humidifier module and a method for making a humidifier are also provided.