Provided are spacers, ion-exchange devices comprising spacers, and methods of preparing spacers for improved fluid distribution and sealing throughout an ion-exchange device. These spacers can include an internal cavity surrounded by a perimeter of the spacer. The perimeter can have a first opening and a second opening within the perimeter, and the first opening and the second opening can be located on opposite sides of the internal cavity. The spacers can also have a first and second plurality of channels located within the perimeter, wherein each channel of the first and second plurality of channels extends from the internal cavity towards the first opening or the second opening.

A method of activating and dewatering sludge through application of acoustic pressure shock waves to wastewater.

A filter includes a housing having an interior space, in which the housing has at least one opening end. The filter further includes a membrane disposed within the housing that has a length that extends along a length direction of the housing, and a baffle provided at least in the interior space of the housing. The baffle includes at least two baffle partitions that extend along at least a portion of the length of the membrane to divide the interior space of the housing into at least a first portion and a second portion so that when a fluid is supplied to the filter, the fluid is directed to first flow in the first portion and then to the second portion.

The present invention relates to units for separation of gas mixtures using hollow fiber membranes and may be used in chemical, oil, gas and other industries. More specifically, this invention relates to the structure of the membrane gas separation module which may be applied, for instance, in membrane separation units for helium concentrate. The membrane gas separation module comprises the horizontal body with end covers and membrane cartridges made of a bundle of hollow fibers and located in an inversed manner in relation to the center. The body comprises symmetrical end sections of large diameter which are mated by conical transition sections with the central section of minor diameter. In this case length of end sections corresponds with length restricted by the body end and input area of membrane cartridges, and central section inner diameter is configured to provide both free mounting/dismounting of membrane cartridges and tight fit thereof at the sealing point with ring gaskets. Feed gas input nozzles are located on end sections of the body perpendicularly to its longitudinal axis in front of input areas of membrane cartridges, permeate output nozzles are located on end sections of the body near end covers perpendicularly to the body longitudinal axis. The technical result is reduction of weight and dimensional properties of the membrane module and the whole gas separation unit in general, as well as reduction of labor intensity of operations during mounting/dismounting of body end covers of the membrane module.

An apparatus for reducing the total dissolved solids of a solution includes a unit having at least two chambers; a respective semi-permeable membrane arrangement disposed between each of the at least two chambers; a device for introducing respective solutions into, and withdrawing solutions from, the chambers; and at least one paddle disposed in each of said chambers. The paddles are configured to sweep opposite sides of each of the semi-permeable membrane arrangements. A device provides relative movement between the paddles and the semi-permeable arrangements.

A fluid circuit includes a plurality of tubing segments and a plurality of operative components. Each tubing segment includes i) a non-conductive polymer portion defining a fluid passageway and ii) one or more interior conductive fluoropolymer stripes extending axially to the ends of each of the respective tubing segments. Each operative component includes a conductive fluoropolymer that extends between a plurality of tubing connector fittings forming a part of the fluid circuit, wherein each of the tubing connector fittings conductively connect the respective conductor of the operative component to the interior conductive fluoropolymer stripes of the tubing segment to provide a path to ground that extends through each operative component and each tubing segment.

An end cap for a pressure vessel has at least one part for connecting the end cap to a housing. The at least one part comprises a number of recesses. The recesses are arranged to form at least one fluid passage between an inside and an outside of the end cap when the end cap is plugged on the housing. A housing for a pressure vessel has at least one counterpart for connecting an end cap to the housing by engaging a part of the end cap. The at least one counterpart comprises a number of recesses. The recesses are arranged to form at least one fluid passage between an inside and an outside of the housing when the end cap is plugged on the housing. A method for leak testing a pressure vessel and a method for checking a connection between at least one end cap and a housing of a pressure vessel for leak tightness are also described.

The present disclosure relates to purification cassettes that have reinforcing features. One embodiment relates to a purification cassette with tensions members. A purification system may include a removable cassette defining a media cavity. A set of tension members may span between a first sidewall and second sidewall. The set of tension members can divide the media cavity into a plurality of lanes.

Stacked-plate filters may include a plurality of stacked filter plates with small gaps therebetween. The present disclosure provides a stacked-plate filter apparatus comprising a plurality of filter plates stacked along a longitudinal axis with the filter plates substantially parallel. Each filter plate has a respective outer rim, first face and second face. Each of the filter plates defines a respective opening therethrough. The outer rim forms a first peripheral edge at the first face and a second peripheral edge at the second face. The first peripheral edge is radially misaligned from the second peripheral edge to form an offset gap interface for each adjacent pair of the filter plates. For each of the filter plates, the respective outer rim may be tapered from the first face to the second face to provide the radial misalignment.

The disclosure relates to a system and method for cleaning filters, such as membrane filters. More particularly, a method and system are disclosed for retaining a plurality of small particulates, preferably in the shape of beads, which contact sludge or other despots on the membrane filters to remove unwanted debris that would otherwise form on the cleaning filters. In various embodiments, the plurality of small particulates are retained in a permeable enclosure formed of wedgewire.