The present disclosure relates to a vacuum filter that incorporates a large area pleated filter element having pleated hydrophilic membrane configured along slanting surface in pyramid shape and incorporated with in a filter housing that can be accommodated in neck of a filtrate container. The disclosed configuration reduces overall height of the filtering system improving its stability and reducing space requirement. Further, top portion of the filter housing is configured to receive either a feed cup for direct feeding of feed liquid by pouring in the cup or a fitting with tube that can be used to suck the feed from a feed solution container under action of a vacuum thus allowing universal use. In another embodiment, a single hydrophobic membrane is provided to avoid problems of low flow due to bubbles coming with the feed solution and also to allow restart of filtration without air lock.

A method for treating produced water from a fraccing source is disclosed. The method first mixes nitrogen and produced water and feeds the mixture to a forward osmosis unit containing a semi-permeable membrane; carbon dioxide gas is then fed to the forward osmosis unit, therein creating a pressurized nitrogen side and a pressurized carbon dioxide side of the forward osmosis unit; concentrated produced water is recovered from the pressurized nitrogen side of the forward osmosis unit and fresh water is recovered from the pressurized carbon dioxide side of the forward osmosis unit.

A process for separating solvent from a feed solution, said process comprising contacting the feed solution with one side of a semi-permeable membrane, applying hydraulic pressure to the feed solution, such that solvent from the feed solution flows through the membrane by reverse osmosis to provide a permeate solution on the permeate-side of the membrane, separating solvent from the permeate solution to provide a stream comprising the solvent and a residual solution having an increased osmotic pressure than the permeate solution, and recycling the residual solution to the permeate-side of the semi-permeable membrane, whereby the osmotic pressure on the permeate-side of the semi-permeable membrane is lower than the osmotic pressure of the feed solution.

A water filtering device can comprise: a filter, an optional prefilter, and two stages pumping system with recirculation circuit is disclosed. The pumping system is formed with two pistons, merged together where the recirculation piston is further equipped with at least one non-return valve. During the intake phase, the chambers are filed through the pair of non-return valves, while the concentrate and the feedwater are mixed through the non-return valve. During the compression, the valve is closed, and the pressure generated by the piston within the chamber is transmitted to the chamber and subsequently towards the filtering means. Permeate is extracted out while the concentrate is sent to the chamber by the recirculation. The system can achieve pressure sufficient for ultrafiltration, nanofiltration or reverse osmosis of any water type available.

A fluid deionizer includes at least one graphene sheet perforated with apertures dimensioned to allow a flow of fluid and to disallow at least one particular type of ion contained in the flow of fluid. A purge valve is placed in an open position so as to collect the at least one particular type of ion disallowed by the graphene sheet so as to clean off the at least one graphene sheet. Another embodiment provides a deionizer with graphene sheets in cylindrical form. A separation apparatus is also provided in a cross-flow arrangement where a pressurized source directs a medium along a path substantially parallel to at least one sheet of graphene from an inlet to an outlet. The medium flows through the plural perforated apertures while a remaining portion of the medium and the disallowed components in the medium flow out the outlet.

According to one embodiment, a water treatment system includes a first chamber which accommodates water to be treated, a second chamber which accommodates a working medium which induces an osmotic pressure and an osmosis membrane which separates the first chamber and the second chamber from each other. The working medium is an aqueous solution which contains an acid having a hydroxy group in a side chain, or a metal salt thereof.

A system for separating, isolating, and concentrating extracellular vesicles (EVs) is provided. The system comprises an ultrafiltration device; an isoporous membrane configured for use in the ultrafiltration device; and a collection container for collecting filtrate from the ultrafiltration device. The ultrafiltration device may be configured to perform diafiltration. The ultrafiltration device may comprise a fixed-volume ultrafiltration device. The ultrafiltration device may comprise a tangential flow filtration device. The system may be scalable.

A fluid conditioning unit is provided that includes a housing, a cap, a cartridge device, and a filter cartridge. The cap is threadably secured to and unsecured from the housing by rotation about an axis of the housing. The cap forms a removable seal with the housing when secured thereto. The cartridge device is secured to the cap in a manner that restricts movement of the cartridge device with respect to the cap along the axis but allows rotation of the cartridge device with respect to the cap about the axis. The filter cartridge is removably secured to the cartridge device and is disposed in the housing along the axis.

A portable water conditioning system is provided that includes an incoming water inlet; a reverse osmosis stage in fluid communication with the incoming water inlet, the reverse osmosis stage having a permeate outlet and a concentrate outlet; a diversion device having a diversion valve, the diversion valve placing the concentrate outlet in fluid communication with a waste water outlet; a deionizing stage in fluid communication with a pure water outlet; a bypass valve configured to selectively place the permeate outlet in fluid communication with one or more of the waste water outlet, the deionizing stage, and the pure water outlet; and a controller configured to control the diversion device and the bypass valve to provide water at the pure water outlet of a desired condition.

A portable water conditioning system is provided that includes a water conditioner, a first sensor, a second sensor, and a controller. The water conditioner has a plurality of conditioning stages that condition water. The plurality of conditioning stages include, in a direction of flow of the water through the water conditioner, a reverse osmosis stage and a deionizing stage. The first sensor detects a first condition of the water before the reverse osmosis stage. The second sensor detects a second condition of the water after the reverse osmosis stage. The controller is in communication with the first and second sensors and determines a health status of the reverse osmosis stage based the first and second conditions. The first and second conditions each include a level of total dissolved solids of the water.