A fluid deionizer includes at least one graphene sheet perforated with apertures dimensioned to allow a flow of fluid and to disallow at least one particular type of ion contained in the flow of fluid. A purge valve is placed in an open position so as to collect the at least one particular type of ion disallowed by the graphene sheet so as to clean off the at least one graphene sheet. Another embodiment provides a deionizer with graphene sheets in cylindrical form. A separation apparatus is also provided in a cross-flow arrangement where a pressurized source directs a medium along a path substantially parallel to at least one sheet of graphene from an inlet to an outlet. The medium flows through the plural perforated apertures while a remaining portion of the medium and the disallowed components in the medium flow out the outlet.

A method of treating fluids, including for recovery of water apart from impurities or undesired matter, utilizes application of shock waves to the fluids.

An apparatus for treating water or liquids in general, including a reverse osmosis filtration device provided with at least one inlet associated with a line for supplying the liquid to be treated, at least one outlet of the permeate associated with a line for dispensing the treated liquid and at least one concentrate outlet associated with a line for discharging the waste. The particularity of the present invention resides in that it includes, downstream of the filtration device, at least one tank that forms inside it two adjacent chambers with a mutually variable volume, in which one chamber is connected to the delivery line while the other chamber is connected to the discharge line.

An osmotic separation process for the extraction of a solvent from a first solution with low osmotic pressure, in a first compartment to a second solution with higher osmotic pressure in the second compartment. The first solution and the second solution are separated by a semi-permeable membrane. An hydraulic pressure gradient is applied and on the first compartment to enhance the water permeation from the first solution to the second solution

A seawater desalination device including: a seawater introducing and filtering device, a seawater reverse osmosis filtering device, and a control circuit. The seawater reverse osmosis filtering device includes a first control valve and a second control valve. The seawater introducing and filtering device is connected to the first control valve of the seawater reverse osmosis filtering device. The second control valve is disposed at a terminal pipe of the seawater reverse osmosis filtering device. The control circuit is adapted to control operations of the seawater reverse osmosis filtering device.

A desalination brine dispersal system for a submerged seawater desalination apparatus, the seawater desalination apparatus having submerged components comprising distillation equipment, evaporation equipment or separation membranes; one or more pumps; and a brine removal conduit. The brine removal conduit receives brine from the desalination apparatus, and has an upwardly-directed length and at least one fluid outlet that is at a lesser depth than the desalination apparatus components. They system disperses brine into seawater without causing pooling of brine on the seafloor, can avoid the formation of concentrated, high shear brine plumes, and can disperse brine into seawater over a wide area well away from the brine removal conduit.

A reciprocating concentration system includes: a gas output device, first and second liquid accommodating tanks, a selection device, first and second liquid sensors and a computing control device. The gas output device is controlled to output pushing gas through a first gas channel or a second gas channel. The first liquid accommodating tank is in communication with the first gas channel. The second liquid accommodating tank is in communication with the second gas channel. The selection device is in communication with the first liquid accommodating tank and the second liquid accommodating tank through a first liquid channel and a second liquid channel, respectively, and has a filtered liquid outlet. The first liquid sensor and the second liquid sensor are disposed at the first liquid channel and the second liquid channel, respectively. The computing control device is connected to the gas output device and the first and the second liquid sensors.

A cover member (36) that forms an end of a housing (26) of an oxygenator (10) has a recessed wall portion (88) recessed relative to a cover main body (74) further toward a side of a gas exchange unit (30) than an inner surface (74a). A pressure control hole (86) is formed through a main body (74) of the cover member (36), and a sampling port (90a) is disposed in the second recessed wall portion (88) to collect gas guided out from the gas exchange unit (30). The sampling port (90a) faces, at its inner opening portion (92), a second outlet side end face (31b) of the gas exchange unit (30).

Disclosed herein are membrane-based gas separation methods and systems. The methods and systems may, in particular, be used for separating a feed stream comprising methane and carbon dioxide (such as for example a biogas feed stream) in order to provide a methane product stream (such as for example a biomethane stream).

The Thermodesalination Device has the capability of employing reverse osmosis via a specialized desalination system. This specialized desalination system is integrated into the upper portion of a steam turbine generator that separates seawater into fresh water and concentrated brine, for preferred allocation. The disclosed desalination device includes a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane comprising a solute side and a solvent side and vanes configured to strengthen a sheer of the RO membrane. The disclosure also includes a steam turbine configured to superheat a saltwater input and create a pressurized and superheated saltwater output on the solute side of the RO membrane. The disclosure yet includes a freezer configured to freeze a brine output from the solute side of the RO membrane into the shape of salt crystals.