A gas sparger produces an intermittent flow of bubbles even if provided with a continuous gas flow. The sparger has a housing to collect a pocket of gas and a conduit to release some of the gas from the pocket when the pocket reaches a sufficient size. The housing is integrated with the potting head of a module. The conduit passes through the potting head.

Hydrogen generation assemblies, hydrogen purification devices, and their components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the devices may include a permeate frame with a membrane support structure having first and second membrane support plates that are free from perforations and that include a plurality of microgrooves configured to provide flow channels for at least part of the permeate stream. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a return conduit fluidly connecting a buffer tank and a reformate conduit, a return valve assembly configured to manage flow in the return conduit, and a control assembly configured to operate a fuel processing assembly between run and standby modes based, at least in part, on detected pressure in the buffer tank and configured to direct the return valve assembly to allow product hydrogen stream to flow from the buffer tank to the reformate conduit when the fuel processing assembly is in the standby mode.

An aeration tube according to the present invention, which is configured to supply a cleaning gas for a filtration unit, includes a straight tubular aeration portion, into one end of which the cleaning gas is force-fed and which has a plurality of aeration holes, and a tubular solid content discharge portion which extends from another end of the aeration portion. In a vertical cross section including a central axis of the aeration portion, a central axis of a discharge side of the solid content discharge portion is inclined downward with respect to the central axis of the aeration portion, and an angle of inclination of the central axis of the discharge side with respect to the central axis of the aeration portion is 20 to 80. Preferably, the aeration holes are arranged on an upper side of the aeration portion, and centers of the aeration holes coincide with the vertical cross section including the central axis of the aeration portion. Preferably, the aeration portion does not have an opening other than the aeration holes in a circumferential surface thereof. Preferably, a central axis of a connection side of the solid content discharge portion connected to the aeration portion is curved.

An efficient method is provided for cleaning hollow fiber membrane modules, the method being capable of efficiently removing substances accumulated inside hollow fiber membrane modules. The internal liquid on the raw liquid side of the hollow fiber membrane module (3) is discharged from a lower end face nozzle (19) of the hollow fiber membrane module (3) while air-cleaning is performed. The method for cleaning hollow fiber membrane modules is characterized in that the rate of liquid discharge from the lower end face nozzle of the hollow fiber membrane module (3) when discharging the internal liquid from the lower end face nozzle is adjusted so that the air supplied from the lower end face nozzle of the hollow fiber membrane module (3) through the aeration holes is supplied to the hollow fiber membrane module (3).

Wastewater is treated though primary treatment of the water by way of a micro-sieve to produce a primary effluent and primary sludge. There is secondary treatment of the primary effluent by way of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) or an integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor to produce a secondary effluent and a waste activated sludge. The micro-sieve may have openings of 250 microns or less, for example about 150 microns. In a process, a gas transfer membrane is immersed in water. Pressurized air flows into the gas transfer membrane. An exhaust gas is withdrawn from the gas transfer membrane and used to produce bubbles from an aerator immersed in the water.

A hollow fiber membrane restraining apparatus comprising: first and second horizontal wall parts having slits therethrough, wherein the inner walls face one another; and two vertical wall parts erected facing both end parts of the first horizontal wall parts in a horizontal axis direction, wherein a mat stacking part is formed and stacked on the first horizontal wall part such that end parts of mats on which hollow fiber membranes are arranged in a row can be aligned, and the second horizontal wall part is locked onto the vertical wall parts by pushing and restraining the mat stacking part; a header apparatus comprising the same; a hollow fiber membrane module; and a method for manufacturing a hollow fiber membrane module are provided.

The hollow fiber membrane module contains a hollow fiber membrane bundle having bundled hollow fiber membranes, a housing with an internal space formed in which the hollow fiber membrane bundle is housed and a gas supply portion which disperses cleaning gas for the hollow fiber membrane in the internal space. The internal space has an upper space in which an upper-side part of the hollow fiber membrane is positioned and a lower space in which a lower-side part of the hollow fiber membrane is positioned. The gas supply portion is provided with pipe vent holes which disperse gas in the housing at a position in the upper space and diffusing vent holes which disperse gas in the housing at a position below the lower space.

A detonator positioning device for use with a wireless detonator in a perforating gun assembly includes a single mechanism for physical electrical connection, while the remaining electrical connections are made via electrically contactable components.

A gas separation module and assembly for housing ceramic tubular membranes. The module includes a plurality of tubes containing the ceramic tubular membranes. The tubes are arranged parallel to one another and are supported by tube sheet plates at each end. Gas-tight seals surround each membrane, preventing a feed gas and a residue gas within the inner lumen of the membrane from mixing with a permeate gas in the tube interior. The module also contains a gas distribution pipe for withdrawing the permeate gas out of, or introducing a sweep gas into, the module. This configuration allows for ceramic tubular membranes to be modularized for use in an assembly that carries out many types of gas separations.

An aerator apparatus including a housing having an inner cavity formed therein, which includes at least one side wall and an upper surface portion connected to the at least one side wall. Additionally, the aerator apparatus includes a first partition wall formed inside the inner cavity and extends from a first lower end to a first upper end to form a first cavity portion and a second cavity portion. Furthermore, a second partition wall is formed between the first partition wall and the first side wall inside the inner cavity, and is extended from a second upper end to a second lower end to form a first chamber and a second chamber in the second cavity portion.