An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for purifying salt water. The method comprises the steps of removing at least a portion of salt in the salt water to form a potable water and introducing the at least a portion of the salt removed from the salt water to a water feed.

A low energy water treatment system and method is provided. The system has at least one electrodialysis device that produces partially treated water and a brine byproduct, a softener, and at least one electrodeionization device. The partially treated water stream can be softened by the softener to reduce the likelihood of scale formation and to reduce energy consumption in the electrodeionization device, which produces water having target properties. At least a portion of the energy used by the electrodeionization device can be generated by concentration differences between the brine and seawater streams introduced into compartments thereof. The brine stream can also be used to regenerate the softener.

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for preparing dialyzate, wherein the apparatus has a first part and a second part that is configured as a circuit; wherein the first part comprises a water connection or a water container as well as the primary side of a filter; wherein the filter is configured to prepare purified water from the water through forward osmosis; and wherein the second part comprises the secondary side of the filter, a reservoir, a filtrate line that leads from the secondary side of the filter to the reservoir, and a line leading from the reservoir to the secondary side of the filter, with the reservoir being a container having means for connecting the container to a dialysis machine.

An electrodeionization device includes a deionization chamber partitioned by a pair of ion exchange membranes; and a concentration chamber disposed adjacent to the deionization chamber via the ion exchange membrane which is disposed on a side facing a cathode. When representing a particle size of 0.1 mm or more and 0.4 mm or less by small particle size; and a particle side exceeding 0.4 mm by large particle size, a large particle size layer consisting of an ion exchange resin of large particle size, and a mixed particle size layer in which ion exchange resins of large particle size and small particle size are mixed are arranged in the concentration chamber along a flow direction of water to be treated. At least a part of the ion exchange resin filled in the concentration chamber is a cation exchange resin.

A system comprises an electrodialysis apparatus, which includes first and second reservoirs, wherein a salt concentration in the first reservoir reduces below a threshold concentration and salt concentration in the second reservoir increases during an operation mode. A first electrode comprises a first solution of a first redox-active electrolyte material, and a second electrode comprises a second solution of a second redox-active electrolyte material. In a first reversible redox reaction between the first electrode and first electrolyte material at least one ion is accepted from the first reservoir, and in a second reversible redox reaction between the second electrode and second electrolyte material at least one ion is driven into the second reservoir. A first type of membrane is disposed between the first and second reservoirs, and a second type of membrane, different from the first type, is disposed between the respective electrodes and reservoirs.

A continuous CO.sub.2 capture system, method, and device are disclosed. The device includes a CO.sub.2 pump membrane including a moisture-swing material, and a cavity having a first fluid. The CO.sub.2 pump membrane separates the first fluid from a second fluid, the fluids creating a water concentration gradient across the membrane and transport of water through the membrane. The water concentration gradient creates a carbon concentration gradient across the membrane that decreases moving from outside the cavity to inside the cavity. As water is continuously transported from the first fluid to the second fluid through the CO.sub.2 pump membrane because of the water concentration gradient, carbon dioxide is continuously captured from the second fluid by the moisture-swing material of the CO.sub.2 pump membrane and continuously pumped along the carbon concentration gradient across the CO.sub.2 pump membrane and into the first fluid within the cavity.