Described is an osmotic distillation process for concentrating a liquid containing sodium chloride, and in particular a treatment process for used reaction water containing sodium chloride from the production of polymers.

A device for obtaining protein-enriched fractions from human or animal milk comprises a delipidating unit for reducing a lipid content in the human or animal milk to obtain delipidated milk and a filtering unit for increasing a protein concentration of the delipidated milk to obtain the protein-enriched fraction, comprising a replaceable filter having a nominal molecular weight limit of 2 kDa or more, in particular of 5 kDa or more.

A blood processing apparatus may include a heat exchanger and a gas exchanger. At least one of the heat exchanger and the gas exchanger may be configured to impart a radial component to blow flow through the heat exchanger and/or gas exchanger. The heat exchanger may be configured to cause blood flow to follow a spiral flow path.

A filtration device (1) has a housing (4) and a filter module (2) with hollow fibers (32) surrounded by an outer shell (5). The hollow fiber bundle (6) is sealed to the outer shell (5) at each end by an adhesive (11) transverse to the longitudinal direction (10). Each end of the hollow fibers (32) is unclosed. An unfiltered product chamber (20) is between the outer shell (5) and a wall (19) of the filter housing (4) and a filtered product chamber (13) is inside the filter module (2). The bottom end of the filter module (2) connects with an intermediate section (3) that connects with a receptacle (17) of a bottom portion (15) of the filter housing (4). The intermediate section (3) forms a connection chamber (26) facing the hollow fiber ends (29) and radial feed channels (28) connect the connection chamber (26) with the unfiltered product chamber (20).

Processes, systems, and techniques for multivalent ion desalination of a feed water use an apparatus that has a cathode, an anode, and an electrodialysis cell located between the cathode and anode. The cell has a product chamber through which the feed water flows, a multivalent cation concentrating chamber on a cathodic side of the product chamber through which the concentrated multivalent cation solution flows, and a multivalent anion concentrating chamber on an anodic side of the product chamber through which the concentrated multivalent anion solution flows. The product chamber and the multivalent cation concentrating chamber are each bounded by and share a cation exchange membrane, and the product chamber and the multivalent anion concentrating chamber are each bounded by and share an anion exchange membrane. A monovalent ion species is added to at least one of the concentrated multivalent cation solution and the concentrated multivalent anion solution.

An acidic treatment liquid processing apparatus includes: a tank having an interior space; a diaphragm permeable to a metal cation and separating the interior space of the tank into a first chamber and a second chamber; a first electrode disposed in the first chamber; a second electrode disposed in the second chamber; a power supply configured to apply a voltage while using the first electrode as an anode and the second electrode as a cathode; a first liquid passing part configured to pass an acidic treatment liquid containing a dichromate ion and a metal cation into the first chamber; and a second liquid passing part configured to pass an acid aqueous solution into the second chamber.

An integrated electrochemical cell and method for processing lithium brine to obtain recovered lithium and produce a lithium product in a single continuous process. The integrated cell has a catholyte chamber with an intercalating electrode for lithium recovery from a lithium brine streaming through the catholyte chamber. A first anion exchange membrane separates the catholyte chamber from a buffer chamber. The buffer chamber streams a salt of a brine-predominant anion (e.g., a chloride salt for lithium brine containing predominantly chloride salt, or a carbonate salt for lithium brine containing predominantly carbonate salt) for removing the brine-predominant anion and thus preventing precipitation of salt species on first anion exchange membrane. An intermediate membrane separates the buffer chamber from a compatible anion chamber that streams a compatible salt that contains compatible or product anions desired for formation of the lithium product. A second anion exchange membrane separates compatible anion chamber from an anolyte chamber. The anolyte chamber has a lithium de-intercalating electrode for releasing lithium ions and it streams a lithium-bearing solution to obtain the lithium product through pairing of lithium ions with the product anions received from the compatible anion chamber via the second anion exchange membrane. A voltage source is provided for applying a potential difference between the electrodes to drive the process.

A nano check valve osmosis and energy collection method and device are provided, which includes principles and methods of osmosis and energy collection technology proposed based on principles of nano check valves and osmotic effects. By providing two semipermeable membranes and filling a solution, cooperating with a concentration control module, solution concentrations at interfaces of the semipermeable membranes are regulated. This ensures that concentrations near the two semipermeable membranes are different, allowing for regulation of osmotic pressure and creation of a check valve effect. It automatically rectifies disordered, high-speed thermal motion of solvent molecules into an orderly unidirectional flow, forming potential energy of the liquid level or kinetic energy of liquid flow for energy storage or power generation. The device can extract molecular thermal kinetic energy from the environment to generate electricity, without consuming energy resources or increasing the Earth's temperature rise.