A reverse osmosis water production apparatus for use in a body of water includes a first section defining a buoyancy chamber and an elongate second section connected to the first section and configured to define an elongate chamber which extends downward beneath a waterline in use. The elongate chamber is provided with a plurality of elongate reverse osmosis membrane tubes, each tube containing a reverse osmosis membrane. A longitudinal axis of each reverse osmosis membrane tube is substantially parallel with a longitudinal axis of the elongate chamber and the reverse osmosis membrane tubes are arranged around a passage.

A filtration system comprising a membrane arrangement comprising membrane housings extending in a first direction and having openings that are located in a common plane and face a common area, and membranes arranged inside the membrane housings and configured to be replaced via the openings, and a lifting arrangement comprising a support frame having a beam that extends along the common plane and is provided vertically above the common area, and a gripper unit slidably attached to the beam and arranged to grip the membranes and transport the membranes in a direction along the common plane.

A reverse osmosis water production apparatus for use in a body of water includes a first section defining a buoyancy chamber and an elongate second section connected to the first section and configured to define an elongate chamber which extends downward beneath a waterline in use. The elongate chamber is provided with a plurality of elongate reverse osmosis membrane tubes, each tube containing a reverse osmosis membrane. A longitudinal axis of each reverse osmosis membrane tube is substantially parallel with a longitudinal axis of the elongate chamber and the reverse osmosis membrane tubes are arranged around a passage.

A sanitizing filter for sanitizing a residential water filtering system has a water filter assembly including a cartridge operable for removable attachment to the water filter assembly. When the cartridge is attached to the water filter assembly, a water flow passes into the cartridge, mixes with sanitizing media within the cartridge, and passes back into the water filter assembly. The residential water filtering system is then filled and flushed repeatedly and the mixture of water and sanitizing media sanitizes the portions of the system that are downstream from the sanitizing filter.

A method for lifting a membrane separation device immersed in liquid to be treated so as to obtain permeated liquid passed through a filtration membrane provides a method for lifting the membrane separation device in a visible state without lowering the liquid level of a treatment tank. The method includes injecting a gas into a predetermined region of the membrane separation device, thereby raising the membrane separation device by a buoyancy generated by the injected gas through the liquid to be treated, and engaging an engaging portion of a lifting apparatus with an engageable portion provided to an upper portion of the membrane separation device, thereby lifting up the membrane separation device. The predetermined region may be a space constituting a flow path for the permeated liquid permeated through the filtration membrane.

The invention relates to processes for the production of capillary dialyzers. The processes involve thermoforming of bundles of hollow fiber membranes. The disclosure also relates to an apparatus for thermoforming bundles of hollow fiber membranes.