A reverse osmosis system according to the present disclosure includes a first membrane array, a second membrane array, a hydraulic pressure booster, and a motor-generator. The first membrane array is configured to generate a first permeate stream and a first brine stream from a feed stream. The second membrane array is configured to generate a second permeate stream and a second brine stream from the first brine stream. The booster is configured to use energy from the second brine stream to increase pressure of at least one of the feed stream and the first brine stream. The motor-generator is coupled to the hydraulic pressure booster and is operable to use energy from a power supply to drive the hydraulic pressure booster. The motor-generator is also operable to use energy from the second brine stream to provide power to the power supply.

Integrated tidal desalination system that harnesses tidal power to produce drinkable water through a mechanically linked or direct drive integrated tidal turbine (ITT) and centrifugal reverse osmosis (CRO) system. The ITT-CRO system eliminates conversion losses in the power take-off unit by eliminating the need for electrical energy conversion. The ITT-CRO system is modelled, and the model used for control, and predictive maintenance.

A control system configured to control operation of reverse osmosis (RO) array(s), nanofiltration (NF) array(s) and/or a blending system including a control panel (CP), regulatory controllers (RCs), and a supervisory controller (SC), wherein the SC is in signal communication with the CP, and with the RCs, wherein the SC is configured to: receive user inputs from the CP, and receive inputs from RCs regarding data from sensors, wherein the RCs are in signal communication with the plurality of sensors, wherein the RCs are configured to: receive data from the sensors, provide outputs to and receive permissions from the SC, and instruct devices in response to the received permissions from the SC, and wherein the SC is configured to: monitor trends in the inputs regarding and/or predict outcomes from data received from the RCs and determine the permissions for RCs based on the monitored trends and/or user inputs from the CP.

The water treatment apparatus of the present invention comprises a flocculation part into which water to be treated is introduced, at least two flocculant adding devices installed so that different flocculants can be added to the flocculation part, one or two or more water quality measurement devices for measuring the quality of the water to be treated, and a controlling part for issuing, on the basis of the measurement result from the water quality measurement device(s), a command relating to whether addition of the flocculants to the corresponding flocculant adding device is required or not and to the added amounts of the flocculants, wherein at least one of the flocculant adding devices is an auxiliary flocculant adding device.

A cleaning-in-place method for cleaning a membrane filter module, the membrane filter module including a membrane having a feed side and a permeate side and being configured to filter a fluid passing through the membrane from the feed side to the permeate side; wherein the method comprises performing a sequence of process cycles, the sequence comprising at least one monitored process cycle, the monitored process cycle comprising: providing a flow of a liquid through the membrane and/or across the feed side of the membrane; monitoring at least one hydraulic parameter associated with the provided flow of the liquid; and terminating the flow of the liquid, when the at least one monitored hydraulic parameter meets a predetermined cycle completion criterion.

Systems and methods for separating a liquid mixture are disclosed. A membrane is first soaked by the liquid mixture via dynamic soaking to reach steady state. During the soaking process, the flow rate of the liquid mixture is increased at a flow rate ramp, the temperature is increased at a temperature ramp, and the pressure drop is increased at a pressure drop ramp. After the soaking process, the liquid mixture is separated by the membrane under optimized conditions to produce a permeate and a retentate.

A system and a method for removing gas field chemicals from a feed stream are provided. An exemplary method includes performing a forward osmosis on a feed stream including gas field chemicals to form a concentrated feed stream, and treating the concentrated feed stream in an electrochemical process to form treated water.

An air channel membrane distiller (1) comprises a hot surface (12), a cooling section (20) and a hydrophobic membrane (30). The hot surface and the hydrophobic membrane define a sealed evaporation channel (40). A surface (22) of the cooling section and the hydrophobic membrane define a sealed condensation channel (50). A water supply tubing (42) is connected to the evaporation channel. A water discharge tubing (46) is connected to the evaporation channel. A purified-water discharge tubing (56) is connected to the condensation channel. The surface of the cooling section is given a temperature lower than a temperature of water in the evaporation channel. A gas supply arrangement (60) for inert gas comprises a heater (62). A gas pipe system (64) is arranged to a gas inlet (55) of the condensation channel for enabling flushing of at least the condensation channel with the inert gas.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems associated with a sample testing device are provided. For example, an example sample testing device may include a substrate layer defining a bottom surface of the sample testing device, as well as a waveguide disposed on the substrate layer and includes at least one reference channel and at least one sample channel.

The present invention includes: a first sealing portion which has a first entry/exit selectively opened or closed by a first opening/closing valve and a second entry/exit selectively opened or closed by a second opening/closing valve and is configured to seal one end of a housing; a second sealing portion which has a third entry/exit selectively opened or closed by a third opening/closing valve and a fourth entry/exit selectively opened or closed by a fourth opening/closing valve, and is configured to seal the other end of the housing; and a controller which is configured to control the supply of raw water through any one of the first entry/exit and the second entry/exit or control the supply of raw water through any one of the third entry/exit and the fourth entry/exit.