A water purifier comprising: a filter unit comprising at least one filter filtering water to generate purified water; a flow rate sensor measuring a flow rate of the water; a concentrated water channel discharging concentrated water, having been filtered by the filter unit; an extraction unit extracting the purified water; a flow rate control valve controlling a flow rate of purified water; an opening and closing degree measurement unit, measuring a degree of opening and closing of the flow rate control valve; a concentrated water ratio calculation unit, calculating a ratio between purified water and concentrated water, according to the degree of opening and closing of the flow rate control valve; and a controller, using the flow rate of water and the calculated ratio between purified water and concentrated water, to calculate amounts of water used, integrating the calculated amounts of water, and calculating a lifespan of the filter.

The invention relates to a digestion system for analyzing the intestinal fluid. The system comprises a compartment containing the fluid content and a micro filter for filtering particles in the fluid content having a size beyond the micro range. The system further comprises a pertractor arranged downstream to the micro filter for removing digested lipophilic particles.

A membrane defect inspection method that can detect damage in a filtrate membrane and can detect presence or absence of damage or a seal defect in a membrane module; and the method is for a membrane module set including multiple membrane modules connected under gas detection piping communicating with primary spaces of the multiple membrane modules where raw water is supplied or secondary spaces in multiple membrane modules where treated water is extracted after the raw water is filtrated by membranes. The method includes a gas injection process where gas is injected into spaces opposite the primary or secondary spaces communicating with gas detection piping in the multiple membrane modules while the gas detection piping is filled with water, and a vibration detection process where a vibration sensor is brought into contact with a protrusion protruding outward from the gas detection piping to detect vibration of the gas detection piping.

A conditioning system for a filter module is disclosed. The conditioning system may generally include an inlet, a heat exchanger, a magnetically levitated pump, a channel provided to bypass the heat exchanger, a controller, an outlet, and a base. The system may have components lined with corrosion-resistant materials. A method of conditioning a filter module is also disclosed. The method may generally include measuring TOC in a source of ultrapure water, heating the ultrapure water, rinsing a filter module with the heated water, flushing the filter module with ambient temperature water, and repeating the rinsing with heated water and flushing with ambient temperature water. A method of facilitating conditioning of the filter module is also disclosed. The method may generally include providing a portable filter module conditioning system and providing instructions for installation or use.

A filter module analysis system configured for the analysis of a filter module having a filter element contained within a housing, the housing having an inlet, a clean outlet and a waste outlet. A clean outlet sensor assembly can be provided about the clean outlet, and a waste outlet sensor assembly can be provided about the waste outlet. A data collection and network communication mechanism can be configured to receive process and receive data from the clean and waste outlet sensor assemblies and transmit the data over a network to a server form storage and processing filter module statuses based on flow detected flow parameters.

Described are wrapped fluid treatment elements, comprising: a composite material; an interleaf; and an inner core; wherein the composite material and the interleaf form layers wrapped around the inner core. The composite material and interleaf may be wrapped in a spiral configuration around the inner core. The invention also relates to a method of separating a substance from a fluid, comprising the step of placing the fluid in contact with an inventive device or element, thereby adsorbing or absorbing the substance to the composite material contained therein.

A heat exchanger for an oxygenator device has multiple hollow fiber membranes that each have a hollow portion through which a heat medium passes, wherein the fibers are wound as a cylinder body. Each of the hollow fiber membranes follows a path between opposing ends of the cylinder body which is tilted with respect to a central axis of the cylinder body and is wound around the central axis of the cylinder body, wherein a tilt angle with respect to the central axis ranges from 22 to smaller than 67, and wherein a constituent material of each of the hollow fiber membranes has a Young's modulus E ranging from 2.6 GPa to 0.07 GPa. During winding, the hollow fiber membranes are stretched according to a stretching rate between 0.5% and 3.0% and then fixed at the ends to maintain the stretching.

The present invention relates to a desalination apparatus and a desalination method using the same. In one specific embodiment, the desalination apparatus comprises: a forward osmosis unit having a draw-solution part into which seawater flows, and a raw water part into which raw water flows, and having an osmosis membrane, formed between the draw solution part and the raw water part, so as to respectively generate first treated water and first concentrated water; a capacitive deionization unit, which is connected to the draw solution part through a first inflow passage, and into which the first treated water of the draw solution part flows so as to generate second treated water; and an electrodialysis unit, which is connected to the raw water part through a second inflow passage, and into which the first concentrated water of the raw water part flows so as to generate third treated water.

A filter module includes: a center tube having at least one purified water inlet on an outer peripheral surface thereof and provided at one end thereof with a connection portion having a purified water outlet formed therein; a reverse osmosis filter wound on the center tube, the reverse osmosis filtering raw water introduced through one end thereof and discharging the filtered raw water to the purified water inlet; and a post-treatment filter disposed inside the center tube and allowing purified water introduced into the center tube to be post-treated by passing through the post-treatment filter, wherein the center tube includes: a first tube member provided at one end thereof with the connection portion and having a first post-treatment filter mounting slot formed therein; and a second tube member detachably connected to the other end of the first tube member and having a second post-treatment filter mounting slot formed therein.

A device (1) for purification of water driven by gravity through a purification unit between an upper dirt water container (2) and a lower clean water tank (3). A backwash system may be integrated, the system comprising a receptacle (8) for accumulation of the backwash water to prevent consumption thereof by mistake.