Redundant filtration system that includes at least one barrier filter as a process filter, the barrier filter having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic paths, allowing both fluid and gas permeability. The need for vents is eliminated, as is an intermediate drain filter. The device also can be dried in series. The filtration system includes a network of conduits and receptacles, the network receiving liquid raw and/or starting material at one end, conducting it through the process stream defined thereby, and producing the desired liquid product at another end. The network is provided with one or more inputs for introducing liquid raw material into the fluid process stream, and one or more output ports for discharging fluid out of the fluid process stream. The network is preferably an essentially closed network, and also, preferably sterile and/or aseptic.

A method of making a polymer membrane, the method including providing a first monomer solution having a first solvent, a second monomer solution having a second solvent, and a substrate having a surface, and including electrospraying the first monomer solution onto the substrate surface and electrospraying the second monomer solution onto the substrate surface to form the polymer membrane on at least a portion of the substrate surface.

Embodiments herein relate to a membrane bioreactor for strengthening membrane fouling control and method thereof. The embodiments may solve problems associated with existing techniques in the field of water treatment. The membrane bioreactor may include a reactor wall, a membrane element, a collecting pipe, a water collecting pipe, a vacuum table, a suction pump, a cleaning unit, an air compressor, an aeration pipe, an aeration head, an inlet pipe, and a drain pipe. The existing techniques related to membrane fouling control has problems such as complexity to operate, difficulties to clean online, and uses of chemicals, which may cause secondary pollution. The embodiments relate to a device that includes a set of automatic mechanical transmission units. With cleaning parts installed at terminals of the device, the surface of the pollution layer of the flat membrane may be cleaned periodically to achieve in situ membrane fouling control, an increase of water production capacity and backwash cycle, and improvement of the efficiency of the membrane bioreactor.

A cell-capturing filter that filters out cells includes a metallic porous film having a plurality of through holes that extend through a first main surface and a second main surface, which are opposite to each other. The metallic porous film includes a filtering portion including the plurality of through holes, and a frame portion disposed to surround an outer periphery of the filtering portion. In the filtering portion, a first film thickness of the metallic porous film at a center of the filtering portion is smaller than a second film thickness of the metallic porous film at a portion located closer to the frame portion than the center of the filtering portion.

Provided herein are graphene materials, fabrication processes, and devices with improved performance and a high throughput. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides graphene oxide (GO) materials and methods for forming GO materials. Such methods for forming GO materials avoid the shortcomings of current forming methods, to facilitate facile, high-throughput production of GO materials.

A method for removing silica includes treating feedwater with Mg at a high pH, inputting treated feedwater to an optional reactor, pumping the feedwater to a ceramic membrane in a first direction, removing precipitated solids with the ceramic membrane, and removing the precipitated solids from the ceramic membrane.

A method includes supplying feed water in a forward direction into a ceramic membrane treatment system at a first rate the ceramic membrane treatment system including at least one ceramic membrane (120), and determining production cycle data of the system, the production cycle data including one of more of accumulation data, feed pressure data, and time since last backflush. The method further includes determining optimal physical flux parameters based on the production cycle data and efficiency of a previous flux maintenance event, conducting a flux maintenance event including accelerated cleaning of the at least one ceramic membrane at a second rate by using a square step backwash rate based on optimal physical flux parameters. The squre step rate can be generated by ramping up pressure by a pump (220) against a closed valve (222) and a sudden openin of said valve.

An ion-exchange and ultrafiltration filter system having an exterior housing having an inlet and an outlet with an ultrafiltration membrane provided within the housing along a central axis about a central portion of the housing with an ion-exchange membrane provided within the housing between the ultrafiltration membrane and the housing. The ion-exchange and ultrafiltration filter system being capable of being configured so as to provide two-step filtration in a plurality of modes, either ion-exchange to ultrafiltration, or ultrafiltration to ion-exchange.

A method of filtering contaminants from a fluid is disclosed. A feedstream of fluid containing contaminants is directed into a filter chamber containing a filter element. Part of the feedstream fluid flows in one of: a forward flow direction where it passes in a first direction through a wall of the filter element; and a reverse flow direction where it passes in a second, opposite direction through the wall. The filtrate is directed into a flowline for collection. The feedstream fluid is then arranged to flow through the filter element in the other direction, to remove contaminant material from a surface of the element wall. Following removal of contaminant material, the feedstream fluid is continued to be directed through the wall of the filter element in said other direction, to filter out contaminants from the fluid during flow in said other direction.

The present invention relates to a method for treating an aqueous liquid comprising oil droplets and a surfactant and/or a base. For this method, a pore size threshold of a filter is determined taking into account the interfacial tension between the oil droplets and the water, and a filter is selected whose pore size is less than or equal to this threshold for filtration of the aqueous liquid.