A separation membrane module 100 of the present invention includes: a container 10; a degassing membrane element 20 that is disposed inside the container 10; and a separation membrane element 60 that is disposed inside the container 10, is located upstream or downstream of the degassing membrane element 20 in a flow direction of a liquid to be treated, and filters the liquid. The separation membrane element 60 is for example, an NF membrane element or an RO membrane element.

A water treatment system is disclosed. The water treatment system comprises a filtration module comprising one or more ultrafiltration membrane configured to remove one or more non-PFAS contaminant from a PFAS contaminated water stream to provide a partially purified water stream containing soluble PFAS contaminants. The water treatment system also comprises a sorption module comprising one or more sorption units comprising a sorbent material, the sorption module being in fluid communication with the filtration module and downstream therefrom and configured to remove substantially all PFAS contaminants from the partially purified water stream to provide purified water that is substantially free from PFAS contamination.

The present teaching relates to method, system, medium, and implementations for storage management. A hash table is constructed, having an index file having one or more slots, each of which includes one or more buckets. Each bucket stores one or more types of records, including a direct record, an indirect record, and a forwarding record. A direct record stores data directly in a bucket of a slot of the index file. When a storage request is received related to some relevant data, the request is handled based on the constructed hash table.

Provided is a method for controlling a pH to a neutral range (pH 6 to 8) by adding an alkali or an acid to decarbonated water, including controlling the amount of the alkali or the acid added using an electrical conductivity meter. The decarbonated water is, for example, water obtained by decarbonating industrial water or groundwater so that the concentration of carbonic acid is 10 ppm or less. The method may further have a step of producing pure water by RO treatment of the decarbonated water with a pH adjusted to 6 to 8 by the pH control.

Membranes and filtration modules for producing a concentrated feed stream and a diluted feed stream during operation in a water purification or wastewater treatment system. Filtration modules are provided that include a semipermeable membrane having a first side and a second side, the first side configured to receive a first feed solution stream from a first feed solution source and the second side configured to receive a second feed solution stream from a second feed solution source. The semipermeable membrane may be configured to operate at a hydrostatic pressure on the second side of the membrane from about 1% to about 40% of the hydrostatic pressure on the first side of the membrane, and may in some cases exhibit a salt rejection of from about 60 percent to about 90 percent during operation.

A method for reusing wastewater by using reverse osmosis, according to the present invention, provides a method for preparing pure water through a primary reverse osmosis step, a secondary reverse osmosis step, a foam generation step, and a reverse osmosis membrane washing step. The present invention prepares pure water through several reverse osmosis steps, thereby enabling prepared pure water to be immediately used as industrial water, and washes a reverse osmosis membrane with foam, thereby improving washing efficiency and saving on maintenance costs of a wastewater reuse apparatus.

A device and a method for repeatedly modifying the composition of a fluid. The device includes a first module (19) modifying the composition of the fluid, a second module (21) modifying the composition of the fluid and a dwell module (20) with an inlet (8) and an outlet (10). The first module is connected in a fluid-conducting manner to the dwell module inlet and the dwell module outlet is connected in a fluid-conducting manner to the second module. Either the first or the second module is a filter unit, or the first module is a first filter unit and the second module is a second filter unit. The filter unit(s) include(s) at least one first filter medium (4, 14) delimiting a supply channel (2, 12) and a retentate channel (1, 11) and at least one second filter medium (5, 15) delimiting the retentate channel and a permeate channel (3, 13).

The present disclosure describes methods and systems for separating a fluid. The methods and systems include a plurality of osmosis modules operably coupled together. At least some of the plurality of osmosis modules include an osmosis membrane, a feed side on a first side of the osmosis membrane; a draw side on a second side of the osmosis membrane; a feed inlet operably coupled to the feed side; a draw inlet operably coupled to the draw side; a feed outlet operably coupled to the feed side; a draw outlet operably coupled to the draw side. The at least some of the plurality of osmosis units further including a feed recirculation loop operably coupled to the feed inlet, the feed outlet, and a feed inlet of a downstream osmosis module; and a draw recirculation loop operably coupled to the draw inlet, the draw outlet, and a draw inlet of a downstream osmosis module.

The invention relates to a multistage membrane distillation apparatus (5000), comprising a plurality of multistage membrane distillation modules (500, 600), the modules being configured to be flowed through in parallel by a liquid (F) to be concentrated. Each module comprises a plurality of serial condensation/evaporation stages (50, 60) configured to be flowed through in series by the liquid to be concentrated. Each condensation/evaporation stage comprises a plurality of parallel condensation/evaporation elements (101, 102) configured to be flowed through in parallel by the liquid to be concentrated. Each condensation/evaporation element comprises at least one condensation unit and at least one evaporation unit. The apparatus further comprises at least one of: a centralized heating stage configured to generate steam and to provide the steam to each of the modules in parallel, and a centralized condensation stage configured to receive steam from each of the modules in parallel and to condensate the steam.

The invention relates to a distillation apparatus for producing water for injection, comprising: at least one membrane distillation module (500, 600), the module being configured to be flowed through by a liquid to be concentrated, wherein: the module (500, 600) comprises at least one condensation/evaporation stage (50, 60), the condensation/evaporation stage (50, 60) comprises at least one condensation/evaporation element (101, 102), and the condensation/evaporation element comprises at least one condensation unit (101) and at least one evaporation unit (102), the apparatus further comprising: a heating stage (300) configured to generate steam and to provide the steam to the at least one condensation/evaporation stage (50, 60) of the at least one module, and a droplet elimination device (320) comprising a membrane (321) configured to separate droplets from the steam generated by the heating stage.