A method for efficient separation and enrichment of lithium includes the following steps: pretreatment: diluting and filtering salina aged brine to obtain pretreated brine; separation: separating the pretreated brine via a nanofiltration separation system to obtain nanofiltration permeate and nanofiltration concentrate, wherein the operation pressure of the nanofiltration separation system is 1.0 MPa˜5.0 MPa; first concentration: carrying out first concentration on the nanofiltration permeate via a reverse osmosis system to obtain reverse osmosis concentrate and reverse osmosis permeate; and second concentration: carrying out second concentration on the reverse osmosis concentrate via an electrodialysis system to obtain electrodialysis concentrate and electrodialysis permeate, wherein the electrodialysis concentrate is a solution enriching lithium ions. The present application couples several different membrane separation technologies and adopts the monovalent ion selective nanofiltration membrane having good separation performance in the process of nanofiltration.

An acidic treatment liquid processing apparatus includes: a tank having an interior space; a diaphragm permeable to a metal cation and separating the interior space of the tank into a first chamber and a second chamber; a first electrode disposed in the first chamber; a second electrode disposed in the second chamber; a power supply configured to apply a voltage while using the first electrode as an anode and the second electrode as a cathode; a first liquid passing part configured to pass an acidic treatment liquid containing a dichromate ion and a metal cation into the first chamber; and a second liquid passing part configured to pass an acid aqueous solution into the second chamber.

A gas separation system for controlling a concentration of a first gas species and a second gas species in an outlet gas comprises a splitter unit. The splitter unit comprises a gas membrane system having a gas inlet port. The gas inlet port is in fluid connection with an air intake. A membrane is a selective barrier and allows some things to pass through but stops others.

In an acidic treatment liquid processing apparatus, a space between a first electrode and a second electrode spaced from each other is separated by a first diaphragm permeable and a second diaphragm into a first chamber, a second chamber, and a third chamber. While the first chamber is fed with an acidic treatment liquid containing a dichromate ion and a metal cation, the second chamber is fed with a first acid aqueous solution, and the third chamber is fed with a second acid aqueous solution, a voltage is applied using the first electrode as an anode and the second electrode as a cathode.

Examples disclosed herein relate to methods and systems for controllably removing one or more solutes from a solution. Examples disclosed herein relate to methods and systems for removing water from alcoholic beverages.

Water treatment systems including electrically-driven and pressure-driven separation apparatus configured to produce a first treated water suitable for use as irrigation water and a second treated water suitable for use as potable water from one of brackish water and saline water and methods of operation of same.

A method includes flowing an inlet solution having an inlet salinity and an inlet ion concentration from an inlet to a membrane filtration system, dynamically adjusting the salinity or ion concentration of the inlet solution in situ as the inlet solution flows to an inlet of a microfluidic cell, and determining a wettability alteration in situ while dynamically adjusting the salinity or ion concentration of the inlet solution. A system includes a fluid inlet, a microfluidic cell fluidly coupled to the fluid inlet, the microfluidic cell having a surface representative of a reservoir rock, and a membrane filtration system coupled between the microfluidic cell and the fluid inlet.

Disclosed herein is a method for recovering an acid or a base during a metal extraction process. The method comprises contacting a feed stream comprising the acid or base and the metal with an ultrafiltration membrane to produce an ultrafiltration retentate and an ultrafiltration permeate, and contacting the ultrafiltration permeate with a nanofiltration membrane. The nanofiltration retentate produced comprises a majority of the metal from the feed stream, and the nanofiltration permeate produced comprises a majority of the acid or base from the feed stream. Also disclosed herein is a recovery apparatus for recovering an acid or a base during a metal extraction process.

An integrated system includes a desalination plant including a reverse osmosis (RO) array to produce an RO permeate blending stream and a nanofiltration (NF) array to produce an NF permeate blending stream. The integrated system also includes a blending system. Further, the integrated system includes a control unit. Still further, the integrated system includes an injection system for one or more injection wells that penetrate an oil-bearing layer of a reservoir. Moreover, the integrated system includes a production facility to separate fluids produced from one or more production wells that penetrate the oil-bearing layer of the reservoir and to deliver a produced water (PW) stream to the blending system. The blending system is configured to blend the RO permeate and NF permeate blending streams with the PW stream to produce a blended low salinity water stream. The control unit is configured to dynamically alter operation of the blending system to adjust amounts of at least one of the RO permeate blending stream and the NF permeate blending stream to maintain a composition of the blended low salinity water stream within a predetermined operating envelope.

A gas separation system for controlling a concentration of a first gas species and a second gas species in an outlet gas comprises a splitter unit. The splitter unit comprises a gas membrane system having a gas inlet port. The gas inlet port is in fluid connection with an air intake. A membrane is a selective barrier and allows some things to pass through but stops others.